Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Craniomaxillofacial Research 2345-5489 5 1 2018 04 22 54 60 EN Amir Hosein Pakravan Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. Tahmineh Bamdadian Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. Abbas Khodayari Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Amin Heydarian Student of Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. Maedeh Yousefnezhad Student of Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. 2018 04 21 2018 04 21 TMJ ankylosis is a partial or complete loss of movement in mandible that occurs as a result of several causes. Trauma is the most common cause of TMJ ankylosis. Surgical procedures are aimed at restoring anatomic structure, function and providing growth potential as well as preventing reoccurrences. In this paper, we are introducing a case of 28 years old woman, who suffered from unaesthetic appearance and TMJ ankylosis since the age of 5 but her treatment has been delayed due to misdiagnosis of her problem. She underwent two bilateral condylectomies with and without costochondral grafting, condylar shaving, and orthognathic surgery to solve a problem that could have been avoided. Costochondral graft has been suggested as the “Gold Standard” for TMJ reconstruction in the growing patient but overgrowth and reankylosis are two of its unwanted outcomes that happened after her first and second surgeries. Although the results of TMJ reconstruction is not fully in surgeons hand, with respect to our knowledge about these operations, it seems reankylosis, overgrowing and all other post-operative complications can become preventable. https://jcr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jcr/article/view/213 https://jcr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jcr/article/download/213/223