Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Craniomaxillofacial Research 2345-5489 5 2 2018 06 15 67 71 Zahra Bahrololoomi Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Donya Alinejhad Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Alireza Navabazam Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Narjes Amrollahi Dental Research Center, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Ali Asayesh Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. 2018 11 27 2019 01 01 Background and Objectives: Proper anesthesia and pain management during treatment  are of the most important concerns in dentistry for people of all ages, especially children. This study compared the success rate of lidocaine block with articaine buccal infiltration during anesthesia of the primary mandibular second molars in children aged 8-10 years. Materials and Methods: The present clinical trial was conducted on 20 children aged 8-10 who referred to the Department of Pediatrics of the Faculty of Dentistry at Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in Yazd (Iran) and needed to be treated with pulpotomy on both primary mandibular second molars. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. At the first session, a group received articaine buccal infiltration and the other group experienced inferior alveolar nerve block. At the next visit, this trend was reversed. Pain during pulpotomy and all vital signs were measured before and after each injection. For data analysis, by SPSS17 software using the Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests were used. Results: According to the results, the pain during pulpotomy was significantly lower in the articaine group (P-value>0/001). Pulse and breathing changes were statistically significant before and after both injections (P-Value>0/001). Conclusion: The articaine buccal infiltration can be employed for the pulpotomy treatment in the primary mandibular second molars in children aged 8-10 years. https://jcr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jcr/article/view/257 https://jcr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jcr/article/download/257/248