Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Craniomaxillofacial Research 2345-5489 6 4 2020 05 16 143 150 Zahra Ghoncheh Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Behrang Moghaddam Zadeh Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiologist, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Sahar Shaeri School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2020 01 13 2020 04 11 Objective: Comprehensive knowledge about the anatomy of the surgical site is an important  prerequisite for any surgical procedure. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, position and  anatomical characteristics of mandibular incisive canal (MIC), lingual foramen (LF) and anterior  loop of the mandibular canal (ALMC) in an Iranian population using cone beam computed tomography  (CBCT). Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 103 patients who underwent CBCT  prior to implant placement. The CBCT scans of patients were evaluated by two observers to determine  the visibility and length of MIC, LF and ALMC. The buccolingual inclination of MIC at the  initiation point of canal and canal path were also studied.  Results: The prevalence of MIC, LF and ALMC was 90%, 76% and 84% on CBCT scans, respectively.  The mean length of MIC and ALMC was 7.5mm and 1.2mm, respectively and the mean  width of LF was 0.9mm. The MIC had a buccal inclination at the initiation point and approximated  the lingual plate as extended towards the midline. Analytical statistics including independent samples  t-test, paired samples t-test, ANOVA analyses were applied.  Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of MIC, ALMC and LF and wide range of MIC  (1.2mm to 20mm) and ALMC (1mm to 9.9mm) length, CBCT is recommended for patients prior  to surgical procedures in the anterior mandible to determine the exact location of these anatomical  structures. Keywords: Mandible; Lingual frenum; Cone-beam computed tomography. https://jcr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jcr/article/view/307 https://jcr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jcr/article/download/307/276