Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Craniomaxillofacial Research 2345-5489 7 1 2020 08 01 13 20 Shamsolmoulouk Najafi Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Nafiseh Sheykh Bahaei Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Maryam Sadat Sadrzadeh Afshar Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Shahin Asadi Ghalhari Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Narges Gholizadeh Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2020 05 02 2020 06 11 Background and Objectives: Temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD) is known as a chronic pain in the ears manifested in the form of tinnitus, earache, hearingloss, vertigo, and other impairments. Although patients affected with this disorder undergo long-term treatments using various medicines without significant pain relief, medical care is still possible with a correct diagnosis. This study investigated the incidencerate of TMD in patients suffering from earache. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study investigate the incidence rate of TMD in patients with earache referring todental clinics affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Iran, including patients with over six months of earache or those having pain despite using medicines. The Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (DC/TMD) Axis I and II Protocol was used for examining TMD and stress, and also independent t-test and Chi-square test were employedto compare TMD patientsin terms of age and gender. Results: A total number of 100 individuals aged between 18 and 65 years, including 40 males and 60 females were examined in this study. The incidence rate of TMD in patients with earache was also reported by 76.5%. Conclusion: The results indicated a high incidence rate of TMD in patients having earache. Accordingly, patients complaining about TMD required specialized earache evaluations by dentists and medics. Keywords: Temporomandibular joint dysfunction; Earache; Tinnitus. https://jcr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jcr/article/view/319 https://jcr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jcr/article/download/319/284