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<Articles JournalTitle="Journal of Craniomaxillofacial Research">
  <Article>
    <Journal>
      <PublisherName>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</PublisherName>
      <JournalTitle>Journal of Craniomaxillofacial Research</JournalTitle>
      <Issn>2345-5489</Issn>
      <Volume>8</Volume>
      <Issue>2</Issue>
      <PubDate PubStatus="epublish">
        <Year>2021</Year>
        <Month>10</Month>
        <Day>02</Day>
      </PubDate>
    </Journal>
    <title locale="en_US">Reference point and confirming points two important guides in treatment of panfacial fractures of panfacial Fx: A case report</title>
    <FirstPage>84</FirstPage>
    <LastPage>90</LastPage>
    <AuthorList>
      <Author>
        <FirstName>Mehrnoush</FirstName>
        <LastName>Momeni Roochi</LastName>
        <affiliation locale="en_US">Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Craniomaxillofacial Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.</affiliation>
      </Author>
      <Author>
        <FirstName>Narges</FirstName>
        <LastName>Hajiani</LastName>
        <affiliation locale="en_US">Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Craniomaxillofacial Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.</affiliation>
      </Author>
      <Author>
        <FirstName>Sayna</FirstName>
        <LastName>Nezaminia</LastName>
        <affiliation locale="en_US">Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Craniomaxillofacial Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.</affiliation>
      </Author>
    </AuthorList>
    <History>
      <PubDate PubStatus="received">
        <Year>2021</Year>
        <Month>05</Month>
        <Day>11</Day>
      </PubDate>
      <PubDate PubStatus="accepted">
        <Year>2021</Year>
        <Month>06</Month>
        <Day>07</Day>
      </PubDate>
    </History>
    <abstract locale="en_US">A therapeutic challenge to maxillofacial surgeons is management of panfacial fractures, especially 
when treating multiple comminuted bone fractures. One of the most important goals in these 
fractures is achieve and stablish a correct occlusal relationship of the mandibular-maxillary unit 
in parallel with the proper positioning of the jaws with the skull base and other facial units. Also, 
it is important to prevent long-term sequelae such as facial asymmetry, enophthalmos, and malocclusion 
that could be caused by inadequate correction. To achieve all these goals some usual 
guides of management are proposed as follow: &#x201C;Bottom to up&#x201D;, &#x201C;Top to down&#x201D;, &#x201C;outside to inside,&#x201D; or 
&#x201C;inside to outside&#x201D;. We present 3 cases of Panfacial fracture and the proposed methods were based 
on different sequences of management with introducing &#x201C;reference point&#x201D; as the most intact area 
to determine the management concept &amp; &#x201C;confirming point&#x201D; as the areas that should be reduced 
and fixed completely. These points act as an orientation aid during surgery and aid to successfully 
restore the entire face contour and maxillomandibular occlusion and also to improves surgical 
procedure. 
Keywords: Panfacial fracture; Internal fixation; Open reduction; Reference point; Confirming 
point.</abstract>
    <web_url>https://jcr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jcr/article/view/372</web_url>
    <pdf_url>https://jcr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jcr/article/download/372/327</pdf_url>
  </Article>
</Articles>
