<?xml version="1.0"?>
<Articles JournalTitle="Journal of Craniomaxillofacial Research">
  <Article>
    <Journal>
      <PublisherName>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</PublisherName>
      <JournalTitle>Journal of Craniomaxillofacial Research</JournalTitle>
      <Issn>2345-5489</Issn>
      <Volume>8</Volume>
      <Issue>2</Issue>
      <PubDate PubStatus="epublish">
        <Year>2021</Year>
        <Month>10</Month>
        <Day>02</Day>
      </PubDate>
    </Journal>
    <title locale="en_US">The effect of using pineapple fresh juice to improve post-surgical pain, ecchymosis and swelling in maxillofacial region</title>
    <FirstPage>67</FirstPage>
    <LastPage>75</LastPage>
    <AuthorList>
      <Author>
        <FirstName>Bayad</FirstName>
        <LastName>Mahmood</LastName>
        <affiliation locale="en_US">Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani, Iraq.</affiliation>
      </Author>
    </AuthorList>
    <History>
      <PubDate PubStatus="received">
        <Year>2021</Year>
        <Month>06</Month>
        <Day>09</Day>
      </PubDate>
      <PubDate PubStatus="accepted">
        <Year>2021</Year>
        <Month>08</Month>
        <Day>15</Day>
      </PubDate>
    </History>
    <abstract locale="en_US">Background: Facial plastic surgeries are usually associated with various post-surgical undesirable 
symptoms, particularly pain, Swelling, and ecchymosis. Depending on the nature of the 
procedures, these symptoms could last for days, sometimes over a week or more. Considering the 
optimal efficacy of Bromelain, this study is used to justify the benefits of pre-operative use of Bromelain 
found in pineapple using fresh pineapple juice to reduce such complications. 
Materials and Methods: A randomized clinical study was performed among 100 patients
undergoing various facial surgical operations; the patients were randomly divided into two groups; 
fifty patients received the pre-operative fresh pineapple juice (350ml glass) twice every day, a week 
before and continued for seven days after surgery. The pain level was determined using a visual analog 
scale, Swelling, and ecchymosis judged by visual inspection. Average scores for all symptoms 
were added to obtain the clinical sum score for each visit. 
Results: Pre-operative use of fresh pineapple juice was significantly reduced post-surgical pain, 
swelling, and ecchymosis with statistically significant results (p&lt;0.005) in each pineapple groups. 
Conclusion: Bromelain found in pineapple fruit can be used as a successful therapy before various 
facial surgical procedures to minimize and provide faster recovery from undesirable post-operative 
symptoms. 
Keywords: Facial surgeries; Bromelain; Pineapple juice; Wound healing; Complications.</abstract>
    <web_url>https://jcr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jcr/article/view/375</web_url>
    <pdf_url>https://jcr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jcr/article/download/375/325</pdf_url>
  </Article>
</Articles>
