Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Craniomaxillofacial Research 2345-5489 10 3 2023 12 09 114 119 Maryam Basirat Dental Sciences Research Center, Medical Education Research Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofaicial Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. Zahra Elmi Oral Medicine Specialist, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. Sina Shateri Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. Mahnaz Fallahi Vice-Chancellor for Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. Fereshteh Najar Karimi Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. 2023 07 19 2023 11 25 Introduction: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a common ulcerative inflammatory condition of the oral mucosa. Considering the contradictory findings of previous research about the association between anxiety and RAS, the present study aimed to determine the prevalence of RAS and its association with anxiety among dentistry students. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, a total of 241 dentistry students of G. University were divided into two groups (those with a history of RAS and healthy subjects) after recording their demographic and required information. Also, Cattell’s questionnaire was used to evaluate the level of anxiety. The results were analyzed using SPSS v.21 software, and a p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: 2.40% of subjects suffered from RAS. This condition was more prevalent in winter, and its incidence was significantly different between the two groups in terms of the presence of a family history of RAS (p=0.01), food allergy (p=0.05), and regular exercise (p=0.040). Subjects with RAS had a significantly higher anxiety intensity in the areas of lack of ego strength, superego susceptibility, and ergic tension compared to subjects without RAS (p<0.0001). Conclusion: The results showed that some areas of anxiety, including lack of ego strength, can be predictors of RAS. Therefore, teaching life skills such as anxiety management and its timely diagnosis and treatment can play an essential role in the prevention and treatment of RAS. Keywords: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis; Anxiety; Dentistry students. https://jcr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jcr/article/view/446 https://jcr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jcr/article/download/446/385