Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Craniomaxillofacial Research 2345-5489 10 4 2024 03 02 162 166 Naghmeh Bahrami Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Craniomaxillofacial Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Marziyeh Poorahmad Department of Genetic, School of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Farzaneh Hosseini Department of Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Farnoush Mohammadi Craniomaxillofacial Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Amir Rasouli Department of Biology, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Mona Mohajeri Tehrani Craniomaxillofacial Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Masoume Farhangiyan Craniomaxillofacial Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Abdolreza Mohamadnia Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Bheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2023 10 22 2024 02 09 Introduction: OSCC (Oral squamous cell carcinoma) accounts for approximately 90% of all oral malignancies and is usually diagnosed at advanced stages. This study investigates changes in miR-125 and miR-30 expression in relation to the clinical findings of oral cavity cancer and their possible use as an early diagnostic tool. Method and Material: A population of 30 individuals with oral squamous cell carcinoma and 30 healthy individuals was studied, and the mean age of two groups were compared using a t-test, with no significant difference found in terms of age so age will not be an interfering factor in this study. The levels of these two biomarkers (miR-125 and miR-30) were measured and evaluated using real-time PCR technique. Results: After evaluating the results of real-time PCR technique, it was found that miR-125 was positive in 25 out of 30 patients, while it was positive in 5 out of 30 healthy individuals (p-value ≤0.001). miR-30 was a positive biomarker in 10 out of 30 patients. The amount of this biomarker in the group of healthy individuals was 26 out of 30 (p-value < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The miR-125 profile is upregulated in the saliva of OSCC cases, whereas the miR-30 profile is downregulated in the aforementioned patients compared with the healthy group. Therefore, measurement of miR-125 and miR-30 may be a protentional diagnostic test to identify OSCC. We suggest more extensive studies with a larger sample size to support this claim. Keywords: oral squamous cell carcinoma, miR-125, miR-30, biomarker  https://jcr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jcr/article/view/464 https://jcr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jcr/article/download/464/392