Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Craniomaxillofacial Research 2345-5489 4 4 2017 12 10 414 420 EN Zeinab Kadkhoda Department of Periodontology, Dental Faculty of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Jowel Makdisi Department of Periodontology, Dental Faculty of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Sahar Chokami Rafiei Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. 2017 12 10 2017 12 10 Objective: The purpose of this study was to review the scientific evidence regarding the efficacy of Osteogain. Materials and Methods: A literature search for relevant english articles was performed till September, 2017 through PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Results: After screening the titles and abstracts, eight studies were found to be relevant and included in the study while considering the specific criteria. Studies consist of six In Vitro and two Animal studies. Significantly higher amount of total adsorbed amelogenin for Osteogain has been reported by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Histologic evaluation showed higher amounts of connective tissue attachment and bone formation for Osteogain. Micro-CT analysis demonstrated that Osteogain induced significant new bone formation. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) revealed that Osteogain significantly upregulated the expression of the genes involved in osteogenesis and increased alizarin red staining. Conclusions: Most studies indicated promising results about the use of Osteogain in periodontal regeneration. Further investigations are needed to discover the characteristics of this novel liquid enamel matrix derivative (EMD) formulation (Osteogain). Key words: Enamel matrix derivative (EMD), Emdogain, Osteogain. https://jcr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jcr/article/view/184 https://jcr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jcr/article/download/184/196

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Craniomaxillofacial Research 2345-5489 4 4 2017 12 10 421 426 EN Shamsoulmolouk Najafi Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, Tehran, Iran. Amir Abbas Zahedi Dentistry Arghavan Tonkaboni Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mojgan Feli International campus of Tehran university of medical science/ faculty of dentistry, Tehran, Iran. Sima Amini International campus of Tehran university of medical science/ faculty of dentistry, Tehran, Iran. Atossa Mahdavi MPH.MD, Assistant Professor, School of Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2017 12 10 2017 12 10 Background and Aims: The most prevalent endocrine disease with unknown etiology among women in their fertility period is Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS). The disease causes some changes in oxidative stress system, which in turn, is associated with such diseases as metabolic syndrome, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and periodontitis. The present study investigated periodontal status and total antioxidant status in serum of women with PCOS. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional, analytic study eighty women, 40 with PCOS as cases and 40 infertile women without PCOS participated. Interview, oral examination and radiographs, and laboratory tests served as data collection tools. Body Mass Index (BMI), Community Periodontal Index (CPI), Periodontal Disease Index (PDI), bone loss, and total anti-oxidant status (TAS) in serum of the participants were measured. Chi-squre test, Mann-Whithney test, and linear regression served for statistical analysis. Results: While in case group 21 patients had bone loss, in control group bone loss was found in 11 pateints (P=0.022). The distribution of maximum CPI score among cases was significantly different from that among controls in that more frequent higher scores existed among cases (P=0.016). The mean PDI in case and control group was 6.23±3.3 and 4.48±2.6, respectively (P=0.015). In general linear model the level of serum TAS was significantly associated with CPI (P=0.039) and BMI (P=0.019). Conclusion: Women with PCOS seem to be more susceptible to periodontal disease compared to other women. This calls for comprehensive periodontal care and regular dental visits for patient with PCOS. Keywords: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, Total Antioxidant Status, Periodontal Status, Community Periodontal Index, Periodontal disease Index. https://jcr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jcr/article/view/185 https://jcr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jcr/article/download/185/197

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Craniomaxillofacial Research 2345-5489 4 4 2017 12 10 452 456 EN Sedigheh Rahrotaban Oral and maxillofacial pathology department, Dental Faculty of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Maryam Jolehar Oral and maxillofacial pathology department, Dental branch of Islamic Azad university, Tehran, Iran. Samira Derakhshan Oral and maxillofacial pathology department, Dental Faculty of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2017 12 10 2017 12 10 Well-defined radiolucencies in the anterior region of the upper jaw, are often considered as anatomic structures or pathologic lesions. The most common anatomic structure in this area is the shadow of incisive foramen and the most common lesion is nonodontogenic cyst known as incisive canal cyst. However, other entities especially uncommon cysts and tumors should be considered as well. In this article, we present a case of odontogenic cyst known as glandular odontogenic cyst in the anterior maxilla with histopathologic findings reminiscent of a nasopalatine duct cyst. The diagnostic sequence and criteria for differential diagnosis are discussed. Also, the significance of thorough clinical and radiographic examinations are emphasized. Actually, we are going to focus on histopathological criteria known as Rushton body which is one of the important features for differentiate between nonodontogenic cyst like nasopalatine duct cyst and an odontogenic cyst, glandular odontogenic cyst. Key words: Odontogenic cycts, Jaw cysts, Nonodontogenic cyst, Maxilla. https://jcr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jcr/article/view/190 https://jcr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jcr/article/download/190/202

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Craniomaxillofacial Research 2345-5489 4 4 2017 12 10 427 434 EN Amir Jalal Abbasi Craniomaxillofacial Research center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, School of Dentistry,Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Naghmeh Bahrami Craniomaxillofacial Research center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, School of Dentistry,Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Iranian Tissue Bank & Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Saeid Mirzaei Dentist, Craniomaxillofacial Research center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2017 12 10 2017 12 10 Objective: Good agents that can act on biologic system should be biocompatible. Biocompatible Products are the products that have the least negative effect on the body’s tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro tissue toxicity induced by common mini-plates used in craniomaxillofacial surgery. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted In vitro. In this study, mitochondrial coloring of living cell (MTT assay) and Annexin V/PI binding assay were measured in 5 treatments with 3 replications. to have mini plate extract, mini plates were pour in DMEM media for 30 days and used it as mini-plate extract. Experimental groups were group 1: control group (in MTT assay control group was cells treated by fresh media as negative control and incubated media as positive control and in Annexin V/PI binding assay control was cells which treated by high dose dexamethasone as positive control and cells with treated by fresh media), group 2: AO Synthes mini-plates (Tehran Arkak), group 3: General-Implants mini-plates (Behin Idea orthopedic “Biomed”), group 4: JEIL mini-plates (Pouya Teb) and group 5: Imen Ijaz mini-plates. A number of 1×104 cells was cultured on culture plate in the 96 pits for 24 and 48 hours and 7 days with each group. ANOVA test was used to compare group means. SPSS23 statistical software was used for data analysis. Results: The results of MTT assay in the time periods studied was significantly different between the studied groups (p value <0.05). The results of flowcytometry showed that the number of necrotic and apoptotic cells in experimental groups was significantly different. The maximum amount of apoptosis was seen in General mini-plate and the lowest was observed in AO Synthes and JEIL. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the toxicity of titanium based mini-plates such as JEIL, General-Implants, Imen Ijaz and AO Synthes mini-plates had minimal toxicity and they were biocompatible. Key words: Toxicity, Mini-Plate, Titanium alloys, Apoptosis, Necrosis. https://jcr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jcr/article/view/186 https://jcr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jcr/article/download/186/204

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Craniomaxillofacial Research 2345-5489 4 4 2017 12 10 457 460 EN Fereshteh Baghai Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Department of oral & maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Sedigheh Rahrotaban Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran. Ata Garajei Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, and Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology and Reconstructive Surgery, The Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Fatemeh Pirzadeh Dental student. Samira Derakhshan Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran. 2017 12 10 2017 12 10 Malignant melanoma is an aggressive malignancy of melanocytes affecting both skin and mucosa. Primary oral melanoma occurs 0.2-8% of all melanomas and accounts for 0.5% of all oral malignancies. Oral mucosal melanoma is different from cutaneous melanoma because of different etiology, genetic alteration and prognosis. We present a case of primary mucosal melanoma in a 33 years old man with the previous report of peripheral giant cell granuloma in the same site. The patient died less than one year because of numerous distant metastases. We suggest early diagnosis of oral melanoma can improve survival rate of the patients such as other primary oral malignancy. https://jcr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jcr/article/view/191 https://jcr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jcr/article/download/191/203

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Craniomaxillofacial Research 2345-5489 4 4 2017 12 10 435 439 EN Abbas Karimi Craniomaxillofacial Research center, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mehrnaz Karimi Afshar Department of prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Delaram Banesh-Marvasti Department of endodontics, School of Dentistry, Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Zeinab Manafi Craniomaxillofacial Research center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Naghmeh Bahrami Craniomaxillofacial Research center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, School of Dentistry,Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Iranian Tissue Bank & Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2017 12 10 2017 12 10 Introduction: Surgical removal of third mandibular molar is a common procedure in oral surgery. This procedure may have some complications. The aim of the present study was evaluation of the complications of envelope flap and triangular flap in surgical removal of mandibular third molar teeth. Materials and Methods: this study was a double blind split mouth randomized technique. Sixty eight lower wisdom teeth from 34 patients were surgically removed. The triangular and envelope flaps were applied for each side and pain, edema and wound healing were assessed in second and seventh days after surgery. Data wereanalyzed by SPSS 21 software using non-parametric Wilcoxon Signed Ranks and t-test. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant level. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between these two type of flaps in present of pain, edema and wound healing after surgery. Conclusions: According to the results of the present study, selection of flap design depends on many variables like surgeon’s preference and skill. Key words: Third Molar, Pain, Swelling, Surgery, Wound Healing. https://jcr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jcr/article/view/187 https://jcr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jcr/article/download/187/199

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Craniomaxillofacial Research 2345-5489 4 4 2017 12 10 440 443 EN Simin Z. Mohebbi Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Samaneh Razeghi Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Nazila Khodaverdi Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2017 12 10 2017 12 10 Introduction: Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) are not uncommon but there is a notableinadequacyregarding dentists’ readiness to manage these injuries. Proper immediate management of TDIs increases the long-term prognosis of traumatized teeth and depends extremely on dentists’ knowledge. The aim of this study was to evaluate knowledge and self-reported practice of dentists regarding management of TDIs. Materials and Methods: The participants of this cross-sectional study were dentists in annual congress of Iranian Dental Association. A valid and reliable questionnaire consisting demographic information, the working experience regarding TDIs, knowledge, and self-reported practice towards emergency management of TDIs was distributed among 260 dentists. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and linear regression model by SPSS 24 software. Results: 220 dentists participated in the study among them 180 respondents completely fulfilled the questionnaire (completeness rate= 81%). The mean age was 34.6±9.3 years. Among the participants, 43.3% were male and 56.7% were female. The most of respondents (37.8%) reported working experience for less than five cases of TDIs. Average score of knowledge and self-reported practices were 3.94±1.64 (out of 11) and 8.48±1.74 (out of 13), respectively. Linear regression model which evaluated the effect of confounding factors showed that female dentists and whom had more experiences on managing TDIs cases had higher knowledge score. Furthermore, working experience on managing TDIs cases led to the increase in self-reported practice score. Conclusion: Knowledge of dentists in the field of emergency management of TDIs is undesirableand it indicates the need for more comprehensive educational efforts. Keywords: Dental injuries, Dentists, Knowledge, Professional practice. https://jcr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jcr/article/view/188 https://jcr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jcr/article/download/188/200

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Craniomaxillofacial Research 2345-5489 4 4 2017 12 10 444 451 EN Mina Khayamzadeh Department of Oral Medicine, International School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Bita Maraghehpour Dentist, MPH, Department of Health Promotion and Community Health Sciences, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, United States of America. Shaghayegh Shafahi Department of Oral Medicine, International School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Neda Akbari Gilani Department of Oral Medicine, International School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Shamsoulmolouk Najafi Department of Oral Medicine, International School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AND Department of Oral Medicine, Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mohammad Javad Kharrazi Fard Department of epidemiology and biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2017 12 10 2017 12 10 Introduction: Among oral and maxillofacial pains, masticatory muscle pain is the second most common complaint of patients after toothache, which affects a significant proportion of people. This disorder is caused by various physiological and psychological causes, such as stress and anxiety. In the meantime, the stressful carriers such as dentistry are exposed to the side effects of these pressures more than other groups in the society due to the pressure and stress which exist invariably and naturally in these jobs. The purpose of this study is to assess the prevalence of myofacial pain dysfunction syndrome (MPDS) in dental students and also study the relationship of the disease with mental-psychological disorders such as stress, anxiety and other effective factors. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-cross sectional study, was conducted on students in Tehran International College of Dentistry, between years third to sixth, whom were selected randomly. For each student an information questionnaire consisted of two Background and Clinical examination parts, was filled out and analyzed regarding clinical examinations and the presence or absence of pain syndrome caused by the mastication muscles dysfunction. Subsequently, the data and information related to the variables were analyzed, using SPSS 20 statistical software and descriptive statistical tests and Fisher’s exact test. Results: In this study 48 students were examined. The most common symptoms were Clenching with the prevalence of 79.2%, and then was the joint sound of “click” type with a prevalence of 77.1%. Furthermore there was a significant relationship between depression and anxiety and masticatory muscle pain level. In the group of patients who were suffering from depression and anxiety, 66.7% of subjects felt pain in masticatory muscles, while in the non-depressed group, the rate was 23.8 percent. According to this finding, difference in pain between the two groups would be significant (p=0.004). This suggests that depression can be effective on muscle pain rate. Based on the results of this study, the incidence of myofacial pain dysfunction syndrome in women, is 55.3%, while the rate for men is 20%, which demonstrates that myofacial pain dysfunction in women is more frequent than men. Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of myofacial pain dysfunction syndrome among dental students and its relationship with depression and anxiety, it could be recommended to students to perform further checkups and prevent from joint and muscle pain problems in case of feeling the symptoms. Keywords: Masticatory muscle pain, Depression, Anxiety, Bruxism, Parafunctional habits. https://jcr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jcr/article/view/189 https://jcr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jcr/article/download/189/201