Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Craniomaxillofacial Research 2345-5489 10 2 2023 10 16 46 51 Mohammad Bayat Craniomaxillofacial Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Sarvenaz Karimi Aval Craniomaxillofacial Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mohammad Hosein Amirzade Universal Network of Interdisciplinary Research in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (UNIROMS), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran. Abdolreza Mohamadnia Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Naghmeh Bahrami Craniomaxillofacial Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2023 08 08 2023 09 30 Introduction: Loss of tissue and dysfunction of body organs due to injuries and diseases have  caused serious health problems despite the vast advances in Medicien. Bone repair through tissue  engineering is one of the most important areas of attention for specialists in a wide range of departments,  including orthopedics and maxillofacial surgeries.  Materials and Methods: This case-series describes efficient clinical applications of adipose- derived stem cells (AdSCs) in combination with conventional guided bone regeneration as  protected healing space for reconstruction of large alveolar defects after hemi-mandibulectomy.  Results: As the result, this approach represented a considerable amount of three-dimensional  bone formation in presented cases. Regenerating this amount of resected bone tissue rehabilitates  the patients and gives clinicians a sufficient amount of bone and opportunity to insert dental implants  to retrieve patients’ function and aesthetic.  Conclusion: The application of AdSCs can be considered as an efficient treatment for bone regeneration  in large alveolar bone defects.  Keywords: Alveolar bone reconstruction; Mesenchymal stem cell; Adipose-derived stem cells;  Natural bovine bone mineral. https://jcr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jcr/article/view/452 https://jcr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jcr/article/download/452/376

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Craniomaxillofacial Research 2345-5489 10 2 2023 10 16 79 81 Amirmohammad Arabi Daredor Craniomaxillofacial Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Alireza Parhiz Craniomaxillofacial Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Amirali Asadi Craniomaxillofacial Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2023 07 29 2023 09 30 Sagittal split ramus osteotomy is one of the most efficient steotomy techniques for orthognathic surgery.  This technical note presents a new technique of mandibular osteotomy to prevent bony interferences  with simultaneous maxillary impctions. As well as increase in bone contact for great mandibular  advancements which results in better bone healing. furthermore, Fixation of bony segments in  this area is far from third molar alveolar socket if extraction is done and is not involved in the process.  Keywords: Orthognathic surgery; Mandible; Osteotomy; Maxilla; Impaction. https://jcr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jcr/article/view/450 https://jcr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jcr/article/download/450/380

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Craniomaxillofacial Research 2345-5489 10 2 2023 10 16 82 85 EN Mojtaba Salehi Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Craniomaxillofacial Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mahboube Hasheminasab Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Orthodontics, University of the Pacific, Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA,USA; Craniomaxillofacial Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Narges Hajiani Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Craniomaxillofacial Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2023 08 30 2023 09 30 Maxillary sinus lift is a common procedure to achieve adequate alveolar bone height in patients  with sinus hyper-pneumatization. Simultaneous implant placement with sinus floor augmentations  is possible when appropriate primary stability could be achieved. In severe atrophic posterior  maxillary ridge, vertical bone height is sometimes less than 4mm, which may hinder simultaneous  implant placements and necessitate two stage procedure. In current study, a novel technique is  described to perform a single stage implant placement with bicortical stability in severe atrophic  maxilla that can shorten the treatment time of an edentulous patient. During the procedure, to  achieve an adequate access a conventional lateral window osteotomy is performed. After elevating  the Schneiderian membrane using conventional instruments, an autologous ramus block is harvested  from the mandible and then the block will be fixed in correct location in the sinus using  screws withb appropriate length to build sufficient stability as superior cortex for simultaneous  implant insertion.  Keywords: Bone graft; Sinus lift; Immediate placement. https://jcr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jcr/article/view/456 https://jcr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jcr/article/download/456/381

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Craniomaxillofacial Research 2345-5489 10 2 2023 10 16 52 57 Tayebeh Ghasemi Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran. Amir Hossein Khazaei School of Dentistry, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran. Fatemeh Teymoorpoor School of Dentistry, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran. Sadra Amirpour Haradasht Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran. 2023 08 29 2023 09 30 Introduction: The current study is aimed at investigating the epidemiology of zygomaticomaxillary  complex fracture in oral and maxillofacial trauma patients in a trauma hospital.  Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study with 187 patients  was conducted at Khatam al-Anbia Hospital in Zahedan from April 2018 to December 2021. All  the data including etiology, gender, age, ethnicity, year and place of occurrence, and site of fracture  were obtained from the medical records of all oral and maxillofacial trauma patients who were  subjected to ZMC fracture. Chi-Square and Fisher’s exact tests were used to analyze the data.  Results: Mean age of the patients was 29.53±14.13 years. Out of 187 patients, 87.2% (163 people)  were male and 12.8% (24 people) were female. People between 20 and 40 years had more ZMC  fractures than other age groups with 104 cases (55.7%). Baluch ethnic group with 111 people  (59.3%) experienced more fractures than other ethnic groups. The highest fracture rate occurred  in 2021 with 63 cases (33.7%). Street was the most prevalent place of occurrence for fractures with  134 cases (71.6%). Isolated cheek fracture was the most common with 95 cases (51%). The most  common cause of fracture was traffic accidents with a prevalence of 71.1%.  Conclusion: The results revealed that traffic accident is the main cause of ZMC fractures in the  studied population. Thus, public awareness and strict implementation of traffic policies are needed.  Keywords: Epidemiology; Fractures; Maxillofacial trauma; Zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures. https://jcr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jcr/article/view/455 https://jcr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jcr/article/download/455/377

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Craniomaxillofacial Research 2345-5489 10 2 2023 10 16 58 68 Azamsadat Madani Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Amirtaher Mirmortazavi Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Mohammad Bagheri Iraj Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnord, Iran. 2023 07 22 2023 09 30 Introduction: The effectiveness of two soft and hard splint thicknesses in reducing temporomandibular  joint (TMJ) pain and dysfunction was compared.  Materials and Methods: Sixty patients with TMJ pain and dysfunction were randomly  assigned to four groups (n=15); the patients treated with hard occlusal splints of 1 and 3mm thicknesses  were assigned to Groups A and B, respectively, and those treated with soft occlusal splints of  1 and 3mm thicknesses were assigned to Groups C and D, respectively. Maximum mouth opening  (MMO) and the severity of pain based on the visual analog scale (VAS) were assessed before treatment  and after 7, 30 and 90 days.  Results: After both 7 and 30 days, no significant differences were found between the groups for  any variable (P>0.05). However, Group C had a significantly lower MMO compared to Groups A  and B after 90 days (P=0.001). Additionally, and in relation to masticatory muscle pain, Group C  had a significantly higher VAS score than other groups (P<0.05). The VAS score for TMJ pain at  rest was also significantly higher in Group C compared to Groups A and B (P<0.05).  Conclusion: A 3-mm hard occlusal splint seems to be the best treatment to reduce pain and  dysfunction of the TMJ.  Keywords: Temporomandibular disorders; Soft and hard occlusal splints; Pain; Dysfunction. https://jcr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jcr/article/view/447 https://jcr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jcr/article/download/447/378

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Craniomaxillofacial Research 2345-5489 10 2 2023 10 16 69 78 EN Ali Sadeghian Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Kazem Dalaie Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mohammad Behnaz Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2023 08 27 2023 09 03 Introduction: Orthodontics is a significant part of general dentistry education. Yet, many  general dentistry graduates seldom practice orthodontics. This study assesses the desire of last-year  dental students at Shahid Beheshti Dental School towards orthodontic treatments in their future  career.  Materials and Methods: A questionnaire was validated by ten dental specialists. For reliability,  it was re-administered to ten students after ten days. Descriptive statistics were used for  results presentation. The Mann-Whitney test compared ranked responses, and the Kruskal-Wallis  test compared grade point average (GPA) variations. The comparison of mean opinions based on  age, gender, and academic term was conducted with the t-test independent samples and based on  GPA status with a one-way ANOVA. Analyses were done using SPSS 25, with a significance level  of 0.05.  Results: In this study, 58 last-year students were questioned in line with the research objectives.  More than half of the students believe that the hours dedicated to teaching orthodontic courses at  university are insufficient (65%), the quality of theoretical teaching is low (55%), practical teaching  hours and presence in the department are inadequate (48%). Only 15 percent of students declared  they have the necessary confidence to diagnose and conduct orthodontic treatments after graduation.  About half of the students express an interest in attending supplementary orthodontics  courses after graduation (39%).  Conclusion: According to approximately half of the students’ opinions, the quality of teaching  theoretical and conceptual orthodontics courses is low. Additionally, students lack the necessary  confidence and desire to diagnose, plan, and perform treatments after graduation.  Keywords: Dental education; General dentistry; Orthodontics; Orthodontics education.  https://jcr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jcr/article/view/453 https://jcr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jcr/article/download/453/379