Comparative efficacy of haloperidol and placebo for treatment of delirium induced by biperiden and LPS in adult male rats based on their learning style and change in their short term spatial memory
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Abstract
Background and Objectives: Delirium refers to acute loss of consciousness and is characterized by confused thinking and impaired orientation. It is a life-threatening, but reversible syndrome manifested by cognitive impairment, abnormal psychomotor activity and sleep disturbances. Due to high prevalence in hospitalized patients and high rate of morbidity and mortality, delirium significantly decreases the prognosis of hospitalized patients. Materials and Methods: This experimental animal study evaluated 54 adult male Wistar rats over 2 months of age that weighed 200 to 230g. Of all, 24 rats received biperiden (40mg/kg) while the remaining 24 received 50μg/kg LPS. Induction of delirium was ensured using a Y-maze after 3 hours. The control group included 6 rats The efficacy of different doses of haloperidol for treatment of delirium was assessed 3 h after injection using the Y-maze. Data were compared using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test via GraphPad Prism. Results: Haloperidol at 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5mg/kg dosage significantly increased the percentage of spontaneous alternation and improved the memory, consciousness and learning compared with biperiden and LPS groups (P<0.01). No significant difference was noted between the haloperidol groups regarding efficacy (P>0.05). Conclusion: Delirium is characterized by attention deficit, impaired orientation, changes in memory, consciousness, perception and mood, and psychotic symptoms. Detection of the complete spectrum of delirium signs and symptoms in an animal that cannot talk (rat) is obviously difficult. Using of Y-maze can facilitate this problem. Keywords: Delirium; Y-maze; Biperiden; Haloperidol; Spatial memory.
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8. Tae-Shin Park , Young-Kyoung Ryu , Hye-Yeon Park , Jae Yun Kim , Jun Go ,Jung-Ran Noh . Humulus japonicus inhibits the progression of Alzheimer's disease in a APP/PS1 transgenic mouse model : International Journal Of Molecular Medicine 39: 21-30, 2017.
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12. Flávia Regina Cruz Diasa, Liana Wermelinger de Matosa, Maria de Fátima dos Santos ampaiob, Robert J. Careyc, Marinete Pinheiro Carrera . Opposite effects of low versus high dose haloperidol treatments on spontaneous and apomorphine induced motor behavior: Evidence that at a very low dose haloperidol acts as an indirect dopamine agonist : Behavioural Brain Research 229 (2012) 153– 159.
13. Maclullich, AMJ, Anand, A, Davis, DHJ, Jackson, T, Barugh, A, Hall, RJ . New horizons in the pathogenesis, assessment and management of delirium' Age and Ageing, 2013 : 667-674.
14. Eugene O’hare, Derik T. Weldon , Kris Bettin , James Cleary, John R. Mach, JR . Serum Anticholinergic Activity and Behavior Following Atropine Sulfate Administration in the Rat : Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior,1997 Vol. 56, No. 1, pp. 151–154 .
15. Yoshiyuki Tamura, Shigeru Chiba, Hideki Takasaki, Kazuki Tabata, Yuji Ishimaru, Takahiro Ishimoto. Biperiden-induced delirium model in rats: A behavioral and electroencephalographic study: B rain research 1 1 1 5 ( 2 0 0 6 ) 1 9 4 – 1 9 9.
16. Colm Cunningham, Suzanne Campion, Katie Lunnon, Carol L. Murray, Jack F.C. Woods, Robert M.J. Deacon et al . Systemic Inflammation Induces Acute Behavioral and Cognitive Changes and Accelerates Neurodegenerative Disease : BIOL PSYCHIATRY 2009;65:304–312 .
17. Deborah J. Culley 1, Mary Snayd1, Mark G. Baxter , Zhongcong Xie , In Ho Lee , James Rudolph . Systemic inflammation impairs attention and cognitive flexibility but not associative learning in aged rats: possible implications for delirium : Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience ( June 2014 )1 -7 .
18. Zhipeng Xu, Yuanlin Dong , Hui Wang , Deborah J. Culley , Edward R. Marcantonio , Gregory Crosby et al . Age-dependent postoperative cognitive impairment and Alzheimer-related neuropathology in mice: Scientific Reports (2014 ) 1-10 .
19. Kazuo Nakamura, Mitsue Kurasawa, Yushiro Tanaka . Scopolamine model of delirium in rats and reversal of the performance impairment by aniracetam : drug developmental research February 1998 : 85–97 .
20. Javadi-Paydar, M., Rayatnia, F., Fakhraei, N., Zakeri, M., Mirazi, N., Norouzi, A., Dehpour, A.R., 2011. Atorvastatin improved scopolamine-induced impairment in memory acquisition in mice: involvement of nitric oxide. Brain Res. 1386, 89–99.
21. Mehrak Javadi-Paydara, Marjan Zakeria, Abbas Norouzib, Hossein Rastegarc,
Naser Mirazid, Ahmad Reza Dehpour. Involvement of nitric oxide in granisetron improving effect on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice: B R A I N R E S E A R C H 1 4 2 9 ( 2 0 1 2 ) 6 1 – 7 1 .
22. Kazuo Nakamura, Mitsue Kurasawa, Yushiro Tanaka . Apomorphine-induced hypoattention in rats and reversal of the choice performance impairment by aniracetam : European Journal of Pharmacology Volume 342, 26 January 1998, 127–138 .
2 . Sadock Benjamin James, Sadock Virginia Alcott . Delirium, Dementia, and Amnestic and Other Cognitive Disorders . In : Kaplan & Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry: Behavioral Sciences/Clinical Psychiatry, 11th Edition ;2015.p.323-329 .
3 . J. Jewel Shim , Jacqueline M. Leung. An update on delirium in the postoperative setting:Prevention, diagnosis and management: Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology 26 (2012) 327–343 .
4 . 17 . George J, Bleasdale S, Singleton SJ (1997): Causes and prognosis of delirium in elderly patients admitted to a district general hospital. Age Ageing 26:423– 427.
5 . John W. Devlin, Nada S. Al-Qadhee, Yoanna Skrobik, Pharmacologic prevention and treatment of delirium in critically ill and non-critically ill hospitalised patients:A review of data from prospective, randomised studies : Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology 26 (2012) 289–309.
6. Colm Cunningham1 and Alasdair MJ MacLullich . At the extreme end of the psychoneuroimmunological spectrum:Delirium as a maladaptive sickness behaviour response : Brain Behav Immun. 2013 February ; 28: 1–13. doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2012.07.012.
7. Mian Peng , Ce Zhang , Yuanlin Dong , Yiying Zhang , Harumasa Nakazawa ,
Masao Kaneki et al . Battery of behavioral tests in mice to study postoperative delirium : SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2016 ) 1-13 .
8. Tae-Shin Park , Young-Kyoung Ryu , Hye-Yeon Park , Jae Yun Kim , Jun Go ,Jung-Ran Noh . Humulus japonicus inhibits the progression of Alzheimer's disease in a APP/PS1 transgenic mouse model : International Journal Of Molecular Medicine 39: 21-30, 2017.
9. Different kinds of mazes and what they're used [Internet] . [cited 2003-2004] Available from : http://ratbehavior.org/RatsAndMazes.htm .
10. Richman CL, Dember WN, Kim P (1987) Spontaneous alternation behavior : a review . Curr Psychol 5 : 385 - 391 .
11. Silvˆania M.M. Vasconcelos, Viviane S. Nascimento, Carlos R.A. Nogueira, Carlos M.A.G. Vieira, Franscisca Cléa F. Sousa, Marta M.F. Fonteles, Glauce S.B. Viana . Effects of aloperidol on rat behavior and density of dopaminergic D2-like receptors : Behavioural Processes 63 (2003) 45–52 .
12. Flávia Regina Cruz Diasa, Liana Wermelinger de Matosa, Maria de Fátima dos Santos ampaiob, Robert J. Careyc, Marinete Pinheiro Carrera . Opposite effects of low versus high dose haloperidol treatments on spontaneous and apomorphine induced motor behavior: Evidence that at a very low dose haloperidol acts as an indirect dopamine agonist : Behavioural Brain Research 229 (2012) 153– 159.
13. Maclullich, AMJ, Anand, A, Davis, DHJ, Jackson, T, Barugh, A, Hall, RJ . New horizons in the pathogenesis, assessment and management of delirium' Age and Ageing, 2013 : 667-674.
14. Eugene O’hare, Derik T. Weldon , Kris Bettin , James Cleary, John R. Mach, JR . Serum Anticholinergic Activity and Behavior Following Atropine Sulfate Administration in the Rat : Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior,1997 Vol. 56, No. 1, pp. 151–154 .
15. Yoshiyuki Tamura, Shigeru Chiba, Hideki Takasaki, Kazuki Tabata, Yuji Ishimaru, Takahiro Ishimoto. Biperiden-induced delirium model in rats: A behavioral and electroencephalographic study: B rain research 1 1 1 5 ( 2 0 0 6 ) 1 9 4 – 1 9 9.
16. Colm Cunningham, Suzanne Campion, Katie Lunnon, Carol L. Murray, Jack F.C. Woods, Robert M.J. Deacon et al . Systemic Inflammation Induces Acute Behavioral and Cognitive Changes and Accelerates Neurodegenerative Disease : BIOL PSYCHIATRY 2009;65:304–312 .
17. Deborah J. Culley 1, Mary Snayd1, Mark G. Baxter , Zhongcong Xie , In Ho Lee , James Rudolph . Systemic inflammation impairs attention and cognitive flexibility but not associative learning in aged rats: possible implications for delirium : Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience ( June 2014 )1 -7 .
18. Zhipeng Xu, Yuanlin Dong , Hui Wang , Deborah J. Culley , Edward R. Marcantonio , Gregory Crosby et al . Age-dependent postoperative cognitive impairment and Alzheimer-related neuropathology in mice: Scientific Reports (2014 ) 1-10 .
19. Kazuo Nakamura, Mitsue Kurasawa, Yushiro Tanaka . Scopolamine model of delirium in rats and reversal of the performance impairment by aniracetam : drug developmental research February 1998 : 85–97 .
20. Javadi-Paydar, M., Rayatnia, F., Fakhraei, N., Zakeri, M., Mirazi, N., Norouzi, A., Dehpour, A.R., 2011. Atorvastatin improved scopolamine-induced impairment in memory acquisition in mice: involvement of nitric oxide. Brain Res. 1386, 89–99.
21. Mehrak Javadi-Paydara, Marjan Zakeria, Abbas Norouzib, Hossein Rastegarc,
Naser Mirazid, Ahmad Reza Dehpour. Involvement of nitric oxide in granisetron improving effect on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice: B R A I N R E S E A R C H 1 4 2 9 ( 2 0 1 2 ) 6 1 – 7 1 .
22. Kazuo Nakamura, Mitsue Kurasawa, Yushiro Tanaka . Apomorphine-induced hypoattention in rats and reversal of the choice performance impairment by aniracetam : European Journal of Pharmacology Volume 342, 26 January 1998, 127–138 .
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 8, No 2 (Spring 2021) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jcr.v8i2.7643 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Delirium; Y-maze; Biperiden; Haloperidol; Spatial memory. | ||
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Farhadi Nasab A, Roozbakhsh M, Bahrami N. Comparative efficacy of haloperidol and placebo for treatment of delirium induced by biperiden and LPS in adult male rats based on their learning style and change in their short term spatial memory. J Craniomaxillofac Res. 2021;8(2):60-66.
