Effect of light-emitting diode phototherapy on pain and trismus following surgical extraction of impacted mandibular third molars
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to assess the effect of light-emitting diode (LED) phototherapy on pain and trismus following surgical extraction of impacted mandibular third molars. Materials and Methods: This double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial evaluated 50 patients between 20 to 35 years requiring extraction of their impacted mandibular third molars. The patients were randomized into two groups of LED phototherapy and control by flipping a coin. Patients in the LED group underwent LED phototherapy immediately after surgery with red light at 618nm wavelength, 20 mW/cm2 power density and 4 J/cm2 energy density in continuous-wave mode (irradiated area: 3.15cm×1.5cm=4.725cm2). The LED device was used in off mode in the control group (as placebo). The level of postoperative pain was measured by the numerical rating scale, and trismus of patients was evaluated by measuring the maximum mouth opening (MMO). The two groups were compared by the Mann-Whitney and NPar tests. Results: The mean difference in MMO postoperatively, compared with baseline, was lower in the LED group than the placebo group but not significantly (P=0.465). The two groups were not significantly different regarding the level of pain. Conclusion: LED phototherapy with the parameters applied in this study failed to significantly decrease the level of pain and trismus following surgical extraction of impacted mandibular third molars. Keywords: Impacted mandibular third molars; LED; Phototherapy; Trismus; Pain.
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[21] Roynesdal AK, Björnland T, Barkvoll P, Haanaes HR. The effect of soft-laser application on postoperative pain and swelling: a double-blind, crossover study. International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery. 1993;22(4):242-5.
[22] Leal-Junior EC, Johnson DS, Saltmarche A, Demchak T. Adjunctive use of combination of super-pulsed laser and light-emitting diodes phototherapy on nonspecific knee pain: double-blinded randomized placebo-controlled trial. Lasers in medical science. 2014;29(6):1839-47.
[23] Lima AC, Fernandes GA, Gonzaga IC, de Barros Araújo R, de Oliveira RA, Nicolau RA. Low-level laser and light-emitting diode therapy for pain control in hyperglycemic and normoglycemic patients who underwent coronary bypass surgery with internal mammary artery grafts: a randomized, double-blind study with follow-up. Photomedicine and laser surgery. 2016;34(6):244-51.
[24] Hodgson BD, Margolis DM, Salzman DE, Eastwood D, Tarima S, Williams LD, Sande JE, Vaughan WP, Whelan HT. Amelioration of oral mucositis pain by NASA near-infrared light-emitting diodes in bone marrow transplant patients. Supportive Care in Cancer. 2012;20(7):1405-15.
[2] López-Ramírez M, Vílchez-Pérez MÁ, Gargallo-Albiol J, Arnabat-Domínguez J, Gay-Escoda C. Efficacy of low-level laser therapy in the management of pain, facial swelling, and postoperative trismus after a lower third molar extraction. A preliminary study. Lasers in medical science. 2012;27(3):559-66.
[3] Chaves ME, Araújo AR, Piancastelli AC, Pinotti M. Effects of low-power light therapy on wound healing: LASER x LED. Anais brasileiros de dermatologia. 2014;89:616-23.
[4] Yildirimturk S, Sirin Y, Soluk Tekkesin M, Gurler G, Firat D. The effects of low-level laser therapy on the healing of bone defects in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: A histological and morphometric evaluation. Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy. 2017;19(7):397-403.
[5] Hupp JR, Tucker MR, Ellis E. Contemporary Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2018.
[6] Sancho-Puchades M, Valmaseda-Castellón E, Berini-Aytés L, Gay-Escoda C. Quality of life following third molar removal under conscious sedation. Medicina oral, patologia oral y cirugia bucal. 2012;17(6):e994.
[7] Syed KB, AlQahtani FH, Mohammad AH, Abdullah IM, Qahtani HS, Hameed MS. Assessment of pain, swelling and trismus following impacted third molar surgery using injection dexamethasone submucosally: A prospective, randomized, crossover clinical study. Journal of International Oral Health. 2017;9(3):116.
[8] Marković AB, Todorović L. Postoperative analgesia after lower third molar surgery: contribution of the use of long-acting local anesthetics, low-power laser, and diclofenac. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology. 2006;102(5):e4-8.
[9] Merry AF, Gibbs RD, Edwards J, Ting GS, Frampton C, Davies E, Anderson BJ. Combined acetaminophen and ibuprofen for pain relief after oral surgery in adults: a randomized controlled trial. British journal of anaesthesia. 2010;104(1):80-8.
[10] Velásquez GC, Santa Cruz LA, Espinoza MA. Ketoprofen is more effective than diclofenac after oral surgery when used as a preemptive analgesic: a pilot study. Journal of oral & facial pain and headache. 2014;28(2):153-8.
[11] Larrazábal C, García B, Peñarrocha M, Peñarrocha M. Influence of oral hygiene and smoking on pain and swelling after surgical extraction of impacted mandibular third molars. Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery. 2010;68(1):43-6.
[12] Selvaraj L, Rao SH, Lankupalli AS. Comparison of efficacy of methylprednisolone injection into masseter muscle versus gluteal muscle for surgical removal of impacted lower third molar. Journal of maxillofacial and oral surgery. 2014;13(4):495-8.
[13] Aksoy MC, Tuzum MS, Baykul T. Relationships between Surgical Difficulty and Postoperative Complications in Mandibular Third Molar Surgery. Ann Int Med Den Res. 2018;4:11-7.
[14] Pérez-González JM, Esparza-Villalpando V, Martínez-Rider R, Noyola-Frías MÁ, Pozos-Guillén A. Clinical and radiographic characteristics as predictive factors of swelling and trismus after mandibular third molar surgery: A longitudinal approach. Pain Research and Management. 2018;2018.
[15] de Mattos LH, Álvarez LE, Yamada AL, Hussni CA, Rodrigues CA, Watanabe MJ, Alves AL. Effect of phototherapy with light-emitting diodes (890 nm) on tendon repair: an experimental model in sheep. Lasers in medical science. 2015;30(1):193-201.
[16] Karu T. Primary and secondary mechanisms of action of visible to near-IR radiation on cells. Journal of Photochemistry and photobiology B: Biology. 1999;49(1):1-7.
[17] Yeh NG, Wu CH, Cheng TC. Light-emitting diodes—their potential in biomedical applications. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2010;14(8):2161-6.
[18] Desmet KD, Paz DA, Corry JJ, Eells JT, Wong-Riley MT, Henry MM, Buchmann EV, Connelly MP, Dovi JV, Liang HL, Henshel DS. Clinical and experimental applications of NIR-LED photobiomodulation. Photomedicine and Laser Therapy. 2006;24(2):121-8.
[19] Vinck E, Coorevits P, Cagnie B, De Muynck M, Vanderstraeten G, Cambier D. Evidence of changes in sural nerve conduction mediated by light emitting diode irradiation. Lasers in Medical Science. 2005;20(1):35-40.
[20] Carrillo JS, Calatayud J, Manso FJ, Barberia E, Martinez JM, Donado M. A randomized double-blind clinical trial on the effectiveness of helium-neon laser in the prevention of pain, swelling and trismus after removal of impacted third molars. International dental journal. 1990;40(1):31-6.
[21] Roynesdal AK, Björnland T, Barkvoll P, Haanaes HR. The effect of soft-laser application on postoperative pain and swelling: a double-blind, crossover study. International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery. 1993;22(4):242-5.
[22] Leal-Junior EC, Johnson DS, Saltmarche A, Demchak T. Adjunctive use of combination of super-pulsed laser and light-emitting diodes phototherapy on nonspecific knee pain: double-blinded randomized placebo-controlled trial. Lasers in medical science. 2014;29(6):1839-47.
[23] Lima AC, Fernandes GA, Gonzaga IC, de Barros Araújo R, de Oliveira RA, Nicolau RA. Low-level laser and light-emitting diode therapy for pain control in hyperglycemic and normoglycemic patients who underwent coronary bypass surgery with internal mammary artery grafts: a randomized, double-blind study with follow-up. Photomedicine and laser surgery. 2016;34(6):244-51.
[24] Hodgson BD, Margolis DM, Salzman DE, Eastwood D, Tarima S, Williams LD, Sande JE, Vaughan WP, Whelan HT. Amelioration of oral mucositis pain by NASA near-infrared light-emitting diodes in bone marrow transplant patients. Supportive Care in Cancer. 2012;20(7):1405-15.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 8, No 2 (Spring 2021) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jcr.v8i2.7645 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Impacted mandibular third molars; LED; Phototherapy; Trismus; Pain. | ||
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Shirani G, Reshadi MR. Effect of light-emitting diode phototherapy on pain and trismus following surgical extraction of impacted mandibular third molars. J Craniomaxillofac Res. 2021;8(2):76-83.
