Molar impaction patterns and skeletal malocclusions
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Abstract
Objectives: Impacted teeth fail to erupt fully into the oral cavity within the expected time due to interferences with the jaw bone, adjacent tooth, or even the gingivae. The third molar impaction frequency is related to space deficiency in dental arches. This study investigated different patterns of third molar impaction in various skeletal malocclusions in anteroposterior and vertical dimensions. Materials and Methods: In this study, 362 panoramic and lateral cephalograms of the patients with orthodontic treatment indications were verified and investigated. The malocclusion type was determined and diagnosed using lateral cephalogram tracing. Results: 39.2% of the patients were male, and 60.8% were female. The mean age of all the patients was 19.2 years; 35.6% of patients exhibited deep bite, and 32% had class II malocclusion. 44.5% of patients had two impacted third molars, and 23.5%, 20.7%, and 11.3% had four, one, and three impacted third molars, respectively. The frequencies of the mesio-angular pattern were 80.8% and 83.5% in the left and right quadrants of the mandible, respectively. The disto-angular pattern frequencies in the left and right quadrants of the maxilla were 91.1% and 93.3%, respectively. Conclusion: The current study revealed that the highest incidence of third molar impaction was in the deep bite and class II malocclusions. The most common pattern of impaction was mesio- angular and disto-angular in the mandible and maxilla, respectively. Statistical analysis showed no significant relationship between the numbers and patterns of third molar impaction and skeletal malocclusion types. .
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2. Ishihara Y, Kamioka H, Takano-Yamamoto T, Yamashiro T. Patient with nonsyndromic bilateral and multiple impacted teeth and dentigerous cysts. American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics. 2012;141(2):228-41.
3. Passi D, Singh G, Dutta S, Srivastava D, Chandra L, Mishra S, et al. Study of pattern and prevalence of mandibular impacted third molar among Delhi-National Capital Region population with newer proposed classification of mandibular impacted third molar: A retrospective study. Natl J Maxillofac Surg. 2019;10(1):59-67.
4. Sarica I, Derindag G, Kurtuldu E, Naralan ME, Caglayan F. A retrospective study: Do all impacted teeth cause pathology? Nigerian journal of clinical practice. 2019;22(4):527-33.
5. Björk A, Jensen E, Palling M. Mandibular growth and third molar impaction. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. 1956;14(3):231-72.
6. Forsberg CM. Tooth size, spacing, and crowding in relation to eruption or impaction of third molars. American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics. 1988;94(1):57-62.
7. Skieller V, Björk A, Linde-Hansen T. Prediction of mandibular growth rotation evaluated from a longitudinal implant sample. American journal of orthodontics. 1984;86(5):359-70.
8. Bjork A. Variations in the growth pattern of the human mandible: longitudinal radiographic study by the implant method. Journal of dental research. 1963;42(1)Pt 2:400-11.
9. Behbehani F, Artun J, Thalib L. Prediction of mandibular third-molar impaction in adolescent orthodontic patients. American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics. 2006;130(1):47-55.
10. Kaczor-Urbanowicz K, Zadurska M, Czochrowska E. Impacted Teeth: An Interdisciplinary Perspective. Advances in clinical and experimental medicine : official organ Wroclaw Medical University. 2016;25(3):575-85.
11. Grover PS, Lorton L. The incidence of unerupted permanent teeth and related clinical cases. Oral surgery, oral medicine, and oral pathology. 1985;59(4):420-5.
12. Dachi SF, Howell FV. A survey of 3,874 routine full-mouth radiographs: II. A study of impacted teeth. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology. 1961;14(10):1165-9.
13. Hashemipour M-A, Tahmasbi-Arashlow M, Fahimi-Hanzaei F. Incidence of impacted mandibular and maxillary third molars: a radiographic study in a Southeast Iran population. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2013;18(1):e140-e5.
14. Kumar VR, Yadav P, Kahsu E, Girkar F, Chakraborty R. Prevalence and Pattern of Mandibular Third Molar Impaction in Eritrean Population: A Retrospective Study. The journal of contemporary dental practice. 2017;18(2):100-6.
15. Abu Alhaija E, AlBhairan H, AlKhateeb S. Mandibular third molar space in different antero-posterior skeletal patterns. The European Journal of Orthodontics. 2011;33(5):570-6.
16. Jakovljevic A, Lazic E, Soldatovic I, Nedeljkovic N, Andric M. Radiographic assessment of lower third molar eruption in different anteroposterior skeletal patterns and age-related groups. The Angle orthodontist. 2015;85(4):577-84.
17. Legović M, Legović I, Brumini G, VanĎura I, Ćabov T, Ovesnik M, et al. Correlation between the pattern of facial growth and the position of the mandibular third molar. Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery. 2008;66(6):1218-24.
18. Qiao F, Zuo Z, Zhang J. The Characteristic Analysis of Mandibular Third Molar Space in Patients with Different Antero-Posterior Skeletal Patterns. Tianjin Medical Journal. 2014(3):268-70.
19. Jain S, Debbarma S, Prasad SV. Prevalence of impacted third molars among orthodontic patients in different malocclusions. Indian journal of dental research : official publication of Indian Society for Dental Research. 2019;30(2):238-42.
20. Winter G, editor Principles of exodontia as applied to the impacted mandibular third molar : a complete treatise on the operative technic with clinical diagnoses and radiographic interpretations.
21. Shokri A, Mahmoudzadeh M, Baharvand M, Mortazavi H, Faradmal J, Khajeh S, et al. Position of impacted mandibular third molar in different skeletal facial types: First radiographic evaluation in a group of Iranian patients. Imaging Sci Dent. 2014;44(1):61-5.
22. Gooris CG, Artun J, Joondeph DR. Eruption of mandibular third molars after second-molar extractions: a radiographic study. American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics. 1990;98(2):161-7.
23. Cavanaugh JJ. Third molar changes following second molar extractions. The Angle orthodontist. 1985;55(1):70-6.
24. Tsai HH. Factors associated with mandibular third molar eruption and impaction. The Journal of clinical pediatric dentistry. 2005;30(2):109-13.
25. Ryalat S, AlRyalat SA, Kassob Z, Hassona Y, Al-Shayyab MH, Sawair F. Impaction of lower third molars and their association with age: radiological perspectives. BMC oral health. 2018;18(1):58.
26. Eshghpour M, Nezadi A, Moradi A, Shamsabadi R, Rezaei N, Nejat A. Pattern of mandibular third molar impaction: A cross-sectional study in northeast of Iran. Nigerian journal of clinical practice. 2014;17(6):673-7.
27. Kumar Pillai A, Thomas S, Paul G, Singh SK, Moghe S. Incidence of impacted third molars: A radiographic study in People's Hospital, Bhopal, India. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. 2014;4(2):76-81.
28. Lim AA, Wong CW, Allen JC, Jr. Maxillary third molar: patterns of impaction and their relation to oroantral perforation. Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. 2012;70(5):1035-9.
29. Al-Anqudi SM, Al-Sudairy S, Al-Hosni A, Al-Maniri A. Prevalence and Pattern of Third Molar Impaction: A retrospective study of radiographs in Oman. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J. 2014;14(3):e388-92.
30. Breik O, Grubor D. The incidence of mandibular third molar impactions in different skeletal face types. Australian Dental Journal. 2008;53(4):320-4.
31. Tassoker M, Kok H, Sener S. Is There a Possible Association between Skeletal Face Types and Third Molar Impaction? A Retrospective Radiographic Study. Medical Principles and Practice. 2019;28(1):70-4.
2. Ishihara Y, Kamioka H, Takano-Yamamoto T, Yamashiro T. Patient with nonsyndromic bilateral and multiple impacted teeth and dentigerous cysts. American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics. 2012;141(2):228-41.
3. Passi D, Singh G, Dutta S, Srivastava D, Chandra L, Mishra S, et al. Study of pattern and prevalence of mandibular impacted third molar among Delhi-National Capital Region population with newer proposed classification of mandibular impacted third molar: A retrospective study. Natl J Maxillofac Surg. 2019;10(1):59-67.
4. Sarica I, Derindag G, Kurtuldu E, Naralan ME, Caglayan F. A retrospective study: Do all impacted teeth cause pathology? Nigerian journal of clinical practice. 2019;22(4):527-33.
5. Björk A, Jensen E, Palling M. Mandibular growth and third molar impaction. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. 1956;14(3):231-72.
6. Forsberg CM. Tooth size, spacing, and crowding in relation to eruption or impaction of third molars. American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics. 1988;94(1):57-62.
7. Skieller V, Björk A, Linde-Hansen T. Prediction of mandibular growth rotation evaluated from a longitudinal implant sample. American journal of orthodontics. 1984;86(5):359-70.
8. Bjork A. Variations in the growth pattern of the human mandible: longitudinal radiographic study by the implant method. Journal of dental research. 1963;42(1)Pt 2:400-11.
9. Behbehani F, Artun J, Thalib L. Prediction of mandibular third-molar impaction in adolescent orthodontic patients. American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics. 2006;130(1):47-55.
10. Kaczor-Urbanowicz K, Zadurska M, Czochrowska E. Impacted Teeth: An Interdisciplinary Perspective. Advances in clinical and experimental medicine : official organ Wroclaw Medical University. 2016;25(3):575-85.
11. Grover PS, Lorton L. The incidence of unerupted permanent teeth and related clinical cases. Oral surgery, oral medicine, and oral pathology. 1985;59(4):420-5.
12. Dachi SF, Howell FV. A survey of 3,874 routine full-mouth radiographs: II. A study of impacted teeth. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology. 1961;14(10):1165-9.
13. Hashemipour M-A, Tahmasbi-Arashlow M, Fahimi-Hanzaei F. Incidence of impacted mandibular and maxillary third molars: a radiographic study in a Southeast Iran population. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2013;18(1):e140-e5.
14. Kumar VR, Yadav P, Kahsu E, Girkar F, Chakraborty R. Prevalence and Pattern of Mandibular Third Molar Impaction in Eritrean Population: A Retrospective Study. The journal of contemporary dental practice. 2017;18(2):100-6.
15. Abu Alhaija E, AlBhairan H, AlKhateeb S. Mandibular third molar space in different antero-posterior skeletal patterns. The European Journal of Orthodontics. 2011;33(5):570-6.
16. Jakovljevic A, Lazic E, Soldatovic I, Nedeljkovic N, Andric M. Radiographic assessment of lower third molar eruption in different anteroposterior skeletal patterns and age-related groups. The Angle orthodontist. 2015;85(4):577-84.
17. Legović M, Legović I, Brumini G, VanĎura I, Ćabov T, Ovesnik M, et al. Correlation between the pattern of facial growth and the position of the mandibular third molar. Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery. 2008;66(6):1218-24.
18. Qiao F, Zuo Z, Zhang J. The Characteristic Analysis of Mandibular Third Molar Space in Patients with Different Antero-Posterior Skeletal Patterns. Tianjin Medical Journal. 2014(3):268-70.
19. Jain S, Debbarma S, Prasad SV. Prevalence of impacted third molars among orthodontic patients in different malocclusions. Indian journal of dental research : official publication of Indian Society for Dental Research. 2019;30(2):238-42.
20. Winter G, editor Principles of exodontia as applied to the impacted mandibular third molar : a complete treatise on the operative technic with clinical diagnoses and radiographic interpretations.
21. Shokri A, Mahmoudzadeh M, Baharvand M, Mortazavi H, Faradmal J, Khajeh S, et al. Position of impacted mandibular third molar in different skeletal facial types: First radiographic evaluation in a group of Iranian patients. Imaging Sci Dent. 2014;44(1):61-5.
22. Gooris CG, Artun J, Joondeph DR. Eruption of mandibular third molars after second-molar extractions: a radiographic study. American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics. 1990;98(2):161-7.
23. Cavanaugh JJ. Third molar changes following second molar extractions. The Angle orthodontist. 1985;55(1):70-6.
24. Tsai HH. Factors associated with mandibular third molar eruption and impaction. The Journal of clinical pediatric dentistry. 2005;30(2):109-13.
25. Ryalat S, AlRyalat SA, Kassob Z, Hassona Y, Al-Shayyab MH, Sawair F. Impaction of lower third molars and their association with age: radiological perspectives. BMC oral health. 2018;18(1):58.
26. Eshghpour M, Nezadi A, Moradi A, Shamsabadi R, Rezaei N, Nejat A. Pattern of mandibular third molar impaction: A cross-sectional study in northeast of Iran. Nigerian journal of clinical practice. 2014;17(6):673-7.
27. Kumar Pillai A, Thomas S, Paul G, Singh SK, Moghe S. Incidence of impacted third molars: A radiographic study in People's Hospital, Bhopal, India. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. 2014;4(2):76-81.
28. Lim AA, Wong CW, Allen JC, Jr. Maxillary third molar: patterns of impaction and their relation to oroantral perforation. Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. 2012;70(5):1035-9.
29. Al-Anqudi SM, Al-Sudairy S, Al-Hosni A, Al-Maniri A. Prevalence and Pattern of Third Molar Impaction: A retrospective study of radiographs in Oman. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J. 2014;14(3):e388-92.
30. Breik O, Grubor D. The incidence of mandibular third molar impactions in different skeletal face types. Australian Dental Journal. 2008;53(4):320-4.
31. Tassoker M, Kok H, Sener S. Is There a Possible Association between Skeletal Face Types and Third Molar Impaction? A Retrospective Radiographic Study. Medical Principles and Practice. 2019;28(1):70-4.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 8, No 4 (Autumn 2021) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jcr.v8i4.11072 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Third molar impaction Skeletal malocclusion Hypodontia | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Hesam Arefi A, Samimi SM, Ghorbani R. Molar impaction patterns and skeletal malocclusions. J Craniomaxillofac Res. 2022;8(4):178-186.
