Evaluation of the observation of infection control protocols in dental offices during the COVID-19 pandemic based on centers for disease control and prevention guidelines in Zahedan in 2020-2021
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) was identified as a significant threat to health worldwide. During dental procedures, large amounts of aerosols are produced; therefore, dentists, the staff, and patients are exposed to the virus. The present study aimed to evaluate the observation of infection control protocols in dental offices during the COVID-19 pandemic based on the Centers for disease control and prevention (CDC) guidelines in Zahedan, Iran, in 2020-2021. The present descriptive study was carried out with the collaboration of general dental practitioners and specialists in 11 clinics and 133 private dental offices in the public and private sectors in Zahedan, who were active during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020-2021. The simple sampling method was used, and the data were collected using a checklist prepared based on the guidelines of the CDC. The dentists’ personal protection score was 63%, with 73% for the patients and clients. The mean scores for the personnel’s educational requirements, patients’ and clients’ educational requirements, screening, and personal protection equipment in the dental centers were 76%, 60.5%, 71.8%, and 81%, respectively. The observation of the infection prevention protocols in the dental offices in Zahedan by dentists, staff, and patients was moderate, necessitating further and more appropriate programs to improve it based on the CDC guidelines. Continuous education programs are necessary for dentists, with further information for the general population through the mass media and virtual social networks. periodic studies are necessary to evaluate the efficacy of these programs so that modifications in the policies can be implemented if necessary. Keywords: Centers for disease control and prevention; U.S; Covid-19; Sars-cov-2; Dental offices;Infection control; Pandemic.
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20. Sarkarat F, Tootoonchian A, Haraji A, Rastegarmoghaddam Shaldoozi H, Mostafavi M, et al. Evaluation of dentistry staff involvement with COVID-19 in the first 3 month of epidemiologic spreading in Iran. Res Dent Sci. 2020 Jun;17(2):137-145.
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22. Barenghi L, Barenghi A, Gianni A, Spadari F. Problems on going during the application of guidelines for COVID-19 prevention in dentistry. EC Dental Science. 2020 Aug;19(8):79-88.
23. Soheilifar S, Soheilifar S, Fahimipour F, Soheilifar J, Soheilifar S, Bidgoli M, et al. How has COVID-19 affected dentistry practice? The perspective of future changes in a comprehensive literature review. SRM Journal of Research in Dental Sciences. 2022 Jun;13(2):58.
24. Basheer SN, Vinothkumar TS, Albar NHM, Karobari MI, Renugalakshmi A, Bokhari A, et al. Knowledge of COVID-19 Infection Guidelines among the Dental Health Care Professionals of Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Feb; 19(4):2034.
25. Duruk G, Gümüşboğa ZŞ, Çolak C. Investigation of Turkish dentists’ clinical attitudes and behaviors towards the COVID-19 pandemic: a survey study. Braz Oral Res.2020 Feb;34(2):54.
26. Mahmood M. A Study on Patient Behaviors Towards Dental Visits and Oral Health during COVID-19 Outbreak. Dent 3000. 2022 Jun;9(1):183.
27. Bhanushali P, Katge F, Deshpande S, Chimata VK, Shetty S, Pradhan D. COVID-19: Changing trends and its impact on future of dentistry. Int J Dent. 2020 May: 8817424.
28. Ahmadi H, Ebrahimi A, Ghorbani F. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on dental practice in Iran: a questionnaire-based report. BMC Oral Health. 2020 Dec;20(1):1-9.
29. Nia IM, Dhamanti I. Comparison of Dental Care Policies Before and During The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Literature Review. Poltekita: Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan. 2022 May;16(1):103-112.
2. Gorbalenya AE, Baker SC, Baric RS, de Groot RJ, Drosten C, Gulyaeva AA, et al. Coronaviridae Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. The species severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2. Nat. Microbiol. 2020 Mar; 5(4):536-44.
3. Eldahab ZS, Gaffar Alemam MI, Yasir A, Hussein M., Zaki A, Tarig A. Psychosocial Impact of COVID 19 Pandemic on Healthcare Workers in Selected Hospitals in Khartoum State, Khartoum, Sudan, 2020. Int J. 2021Jun;9(1), 24-32.
4. Lotfi R, Kheiri K, Sadeghi A, Babaee Tirkolaee E. An extended robust mathematical model to project the course of COVID-19 epidemic in Iran. Ann Oper Res. 2022 Jan: 1-25.
5. Induri SNR, Chun YC, Chun JC, Fleisher KE, Glickman RS, Xu F, et al. Protective measures against COVID-19: Dental practice and infection control. Healthcare Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. 2021Jun;9(6),679.
6. Chen D, Xu W, Lei Z, Huang Z, Liu J, Gao Z, et al. Recurrence of positive SARS-CoV-2 RNA in COVID-19: A case report. Int J Infect Dis. 2020 Apr; 93: 297-99.
7. World Health Organization. Modes of transmission of virus causing COVID-19: implications for IPC precaution recommendations: scientific brief, 29 March 2020. World Health Organization, 2020.
8. To KKW, Tsang OTY, Leung WS, Tam AR, Wu TC, Lung DC, et al. Temporal profiles of viral load in posterior oropharyngeal saliva samples and serum antibody responses during infection by SARS-CoV-2: an observational cohort study. The Lancet infectious diseases. 2020 May;20(5):565-574.
9. Liu L, Wei Q, Alvarez X, Wang H, Du Y, Zhu H, et al. Epithelial cells lining salivary gland ducts are early target cells of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in the upper respiratory tracts of rhesus macaques. Journal of virology. 2011 Mar; 85(8):4025-30.
10. Epstein JB, Chow K, Mathias R. Dental procedure aerosols and COVID-19. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2021Aug;21(4):e73.
11. Alharbi A, Alharbi S, Alqaidi S. Guidelines for dental care provision during the COVID-19 pandemic. Saudi Dent J. 2020 May;32(4):181-6.
12. Santarpia JL, Rivera DN, Herrera V, Morwitzer MJ, Creager H, Santarpia GW, et al. Transmission potential of SARS-CoV-2 in viral shedding observed at the University of Nebraska Medical Center. MedRxiv. 2020 Mar; 3(23);20039446.
13. Sobouti F., Moallem Savasari A., Aryana M, Mesgarani A. Coronavirus as a new challenge for infection control in dentistry: A literature review. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. 2020 Jun;30(186):185-194.
14. Hooshyar E, Hosseini S. Novel Corona Virus (COVID-19): Assessing Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and Infection. J Dent. 2022 Sep;23(3);292-7.
15. Coulthard P. Dentistry and coronavirus (COVID-19)-moral decision-making. Br Dent J. 2020 Apr;228(7):503-5.
16. Guo H, Zhou Y, Liu X, Tan J. The impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on the utilization of emergency dental services. J Dent Sci. 2020 Dec;15(4):564-7.
17. Ahmed MA, Jouhar R, Adnan S, Ahmed N, Ghazal T, Adanir N. Evaluation of Patient’s Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Cross-Infection Control in Dentistry during COVID-19 Pandemic. Eur J Dent. 2020 Dec; 14(S 01):S1-S6.
18. Banakar M, Bagheri Lankarani K, Jafarpour D, Moayedi S, Banakar MH, MohammadSadeghi A. COVID-19 transmission risk and protective protocols in dentistry: a systematic review. BMC oral health. 2020 Oct; 20(1):1-12.
19. Estrich CG, Mikkelsen M, Morrissey R, Geisinger ML, Ioannidou E, Vujicic M, et al. Estimating COVID-19 prevalence and infection control practices among US dentists. J Am Dent Assoc. 2020 Nov;151(11):815-824.
20. Sarkarat F, Tootoonchian A, Haraji A, Rastegarmoghaddam Shaldoozi H, Mostafavi M, et al. Evaluation of dentistry staff involvement with COVID-19 in the first 3 month of epidemiologic spreading in Iran. Res Dent Sci. 2020 Jun;17(2):137-145.
21. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). CDC Developing guidance regarding responding to COVID-19 in dental settings. Division of Oral Health. National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. 2020.
22. Barenghi L, Barenghi A, Gianni A, Spadari F. Problems on going during the application of guidelines for COVID-19 prevention in dentistry. EC Dental Science. 2020 Aug;19(8):79-88.
23. Soheilifar S, Soheilifar S, Fahimipour F, Soheilifar J, Soheilifar S, Bidgoli M, et al. How has COVID-19 affected dentistry practice? The perspective of future changes in a comprehensive literature review. SRM Journal of Research in Dental Sciences. 2022 Jun;13(2):58.
24. Basheer SN, Vinothkumar TS, Albar NHM, Karobari MI, Renugalakshmi A, Bokhari A, et al. Knowledge of COVID-19 Infection Guidelines among the Dental Health Care Professionals of Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Feb; 19(4):2034.
25. Duruk G, Gümüşboğa ZŞ, Çolak C. Investigation of Turkish dentists’ clinical attitudes and behaviors towards the COVID-19 pandemic: a survey study. Braz Oral Res.2020 Feb;34(2):54.
26. Mahmood M. A Study on Patient Behaviors Towards Dental Visits and Oral Health during COVID-19 Outbreak. Dent 3000. 2022 Jun;9(1):183.
27. Bhanushali P, Katge F, Deshpande S, Chimata VK, Shetty S, Pradhan D. COVID-19: Changing trends and its impact on future of dentistry. Int J Dent. 2020 May: 8817424.
28. Ahmadi H, Ebrahimi A, Ghorbani F. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on dental practice in Iran: a questionnaire-based report. BMC Oral Health. 2020 Dec;20(1):1-9.
29. Nia IM, Dhamanti I. Comparison of Dental Care Policies Before and During The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Literature Review. Poltekita: Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan. 2022 May;16(1):103-112.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 9, No 4 (Autumn 2022) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jcr.v9i4.13385 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Centers for disease control and prevention; U.S; Covid-19; Sars-cov-2; Dental offices; Infection control; Pandemic. | ||
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Ramezani S, Hesam Arefi A. Evaluation of the observation of infection control protocols in dental offices during the COVID-19 pandemic based on centers for disease control and prevention guidelines in Zahedan in 2020-2021. J Craniomaxillofac Res. 2023;9(4):184-192.
