Evaluation of six radiomorphometric indices
,
Abstract
Introduction: Aging is accompanied by the gradual loss of teeth, which can cause several orofacial changes. This study aimed to compare panoramic radiomorphometric indices between dentate and totally edentulous patients. Materials and Methods: One hundred panoramic radiographs were analyzed to measure six indices using Clinview 9.3 software: the gonial angle (GA), antegonial angle (AGA), condylar height (CH), ramus height (RH), mental index (MI), and mandibular cortical index (MCI). An independent sample t-test and Chi-square was used to compare the means of the measured data between dentate and edentate subjects and genders. Results: In both genders, dentate people had greater left CH (p=0.05) and left GA (p=0.03). Men had greater RH in the dentate and edentate groups (p<0.001). No correlation was found between groups and genders in MCI scores. Conclusion: CH index assessment as the function of the masticatory muscles and GA as residual ridge resorption were decreased in edentulous people. The findings highlight the importance of oral hygiene education and prosthetic rehabilitation of the edentulous. Keywords: Digital panoramic; Morphometric; Edentulous; Indices.
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[5] Q.-F. Xie and A. Ainamo, "Correlation of gonial angle size with cortical thickness, height of the mandibular residual body, and duration of edentulism," J Prosthet Dent, vol. 91, no. 5, pp. 477-482, 2004.
[6] R. Okşayan, B. Asarkaya, N. Palta, İ. Şimşek, O. Sökücü, and E. İşman, "Effects of edentulism on mandibular morphology: evaluation of panoramic radiographs," Sci. World J., vol. 2014, 2014.
[7] V. Dutra, J. Yang, H. Devlin, and C. Susin, "Mandibular bone remodelling in adults: evaluation of panoramic radiographs," Dentomaxillofac Radiol, vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 323-328, 2004.
[8] I. Karadag and H. G. Yilmaz, "Evaluation of change in trabecular bone structure surrounding dental implants by fractal dimension analysis and comparison with radiomorphometric indicators: a retrospective study," PeerJ, vol. 10, p. e13145, 2022.
[9] T. F. Tozum and A. Taguchi, "Role of dental panoramic radiographs in assessment of future dental conditions in patients with osteoporosis and periodontitis," N Y State Dent J, vol. 70, no. 1, p. 32, 2004.
[10] S. Ghosh, M. Vengal, K. M. Pai, and K. Abhishek, "Remodeling of the antegonial angle region in the human mandible: a panoramic radiographic cross-sectional study," Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal, vol. 15, no. 5, pp. e802-e807, 2010.
[11] Ü. Tozoğlu and B. Çakur, "Evaluation of the morphological changes in the mandible for dentate and totally edentate elderly population using cone-beam computed tomography," Surg. Radiol. Anat., vol. 36, no. 7, pp. 643-649, 2014.
[12] S. Geary, F. Selvi, S.-K. Chuang, and M. August, "Identifying dental panoramic radiograph features for the screening of low bone mass in postmenopausal women," Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 395-399, 2015.
[13] D. Ledgerton, K. Horner, H. Devlin, and H. Worthington, "Radiomorphometric indices of the mandible in a British female population," Dentomaxillofac Radiol, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 173-181, 1999.
[14] P. Govindraju and P. Chandra, "Radiomorphometric indices of the mandible–an indicator of osteoporosis," J Clin Diagn Res, vol. 8, no. 3, p. 195, 2014.
[15] E. Klemetti, S. Kolmakov, and H. Kröger, "Pantomography in assessment of the osteoporosis risk group," Eur. J. Oral Sci., vol. 102, no. 1, pp. 68-72, 1994.
[16] J.-K. Joo, Y.-J. Lim, H.-B. Kwon, and S.-J. Ahn, "Panoramic radiographic evaluation of the mandibular morphological changes in elderly dentate and edentulous subjects," Acta Odontol. Scand., vol. 71, no. 2, pp. 357-362, 2013.
[17] N. Yanıkoğlu and B. Yılmaz, "Radiological evaluation of changes in the gonial angle after teeth extraction and wearing of dentures: a 3-year longitudinal study," Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, vol. 105, no. 6, pp. e55-e60, 2008.
[18] S. Huumonen et al., "Influence of edentulousness on gonial angle, ramus and condylar height," J. Oral Rehabil., vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 34-38, 2010.
[19] B. Bahija et al., "Mandibular morphological variations in partially edentulous adult patients: An orthopantomographic study," Int. j. med. health res., vol. 8, no. 11, pp. 67-74, 2019.
[20] D. H. Enlow, H. J. Bianco, and S. Eklund, "The remodeling of the edentulous mandible," J Prosthet Dent, vol. 36, no. 6, pp. 685-693, 1976.
[21] S.-M. Fouda, M. M. Gad, M. El Tantawi, J. I. Virtanen, K. Sipila, and A. Raustia, "Influence of tooth loss on mandibular morphology: A cone-beam computed tomography study," J. Clin. Exp. Dent., vol. 11, no. 9, p. e814, 2019.
[22] R. Bhuyan, S. Mohanty, S. K. Bhuyan, A. Pati, S. Priyadarshini, and P. Das, "Panoramic radiograph as a forensic aid in age and gender estimation: Preliminary retrospective study," J Oral Maxillofac Pathol, vol. 22, no. 2, p. 266, 2018.
[23] J. Subtelny, "The degenerative, regenerative mandibular condyle: facial asymmetry," J. craniofac. genet. dev. biol., Suppl., vol. 1, pp. 227-237, 1985.
[24] V. Sairam, G. R. Potturi, B. Praveen, and G. Vikas, "Assessment of effect of age, gender, and dentoalveolar changes on mandibular morphology: A digital panoramic study," Contemp. Clin. Dent., vol. 9, no. 1, p. 49, 2018.
[25] N. Taleb and M. Beshlawy, "Mandibular ramus and gonial angle measurements as predictors of sex and age in an Egyptian population sample: A digital panoramic study," J Forensic Res, vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 1-7, 2015.
[26] G. Ceylan, N. Yaníkoglu, A. B. Yílmaz, and Y. Ceylan, "Changes in the mandibular angle in the dentulous and edentulous states," J Prosthet Dent, vol. 80, no. 6, pp. 680-684, 1998.
[27] V. Dutra, H. Devlin, C. Susin, J. Yang, K. Horner, and A. R. C. Fernandes, "Mandibular morphological changes in low bone mass edentulous females: evaluation of panoramic radiographs," Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, vol. 102, no. 5, pp. 663-668, 2006.
[28] M. Uma, R. Shetty, and K. K. Shenoy, "Cephalometric: evaluation of influence of edentulousness on mandibular morphology: a comparative study," J. Indian Prosthodont. Soc., vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 269-273, 2013.
[29] P. Lönberg and K. M. Lindskog, "Changes in the size of the lower jaw on account of age and loss of teeth," Acta genet. stat. med., vol. 2, pp. 1-90, 1951.
[30] V. Krishnan, L. Sreela, P. Mathew, and T. S. Prasad, "Radiographic evaluation of remodeling of mandible in adult South Indian population: Implications in forensic science," J. Forensic Dent. Sci., vol. 11, no. 3, p. 137, 2019.
[31] R. H. Chole, R. N. Patil, S. Balsaraf Chole, S. Gondivkar, A. R. Gadbail, and M. B. Yuwanati, "Association of mandible anatomy with age, gender, and dental status: a radiographic study," int. sch. res. notices, vol. 2013, 2013.
[32] H.-P. Chang, Z. Kinoshita, and T. Kawamoto, "A study of the growth changes in facial configuration," Eur J Orthod., vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 493-501, 1993.
[33] O. Bulut, N. Freudenstein, B. Hekimoglu, and S. Gurcan, "Dilemma of Gonial Angle in Sex Determination: Sexually Dimorphic or Not?," Am J Forensic Med Path, vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 361-365, 2019.
[34] P. H. Shah, R. Venkatesh, C. B. More, and V. Vaishnavee, "Age-and sex-related mandibular dimensional changes: A radiomorphometric analysis on panoramic radiographs," Indian J Dent Res, vol. 31, no. 1, p. 113, 2020.
[35] N. G. Pecora, T. Baccetti, and J. A. McNamara Jr, "The aging craniofacial complex: a longitudinal cephalometric study from late adolescence to late adulthood," Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, vol. 134, no. 4, pp. 496-505, 2008.
[36] M. Ashkenazi, L. Taubman, and A. Gavish, "Age‐Associated Changes of the Mandibular Foramen Position in Anteroposterior Dimension and of the Mandibular Angle in Dry Human Mandibles," Anat Rec (Hoboken), vol. 294, no. 8, pp. 1319-1325, 2011.
[37] S. Osato, I. Kuroyama, S. Nakajima, T. Ogawa, and K. Misaki, "Differences in 5 anatomic parameters of mandibular body morphology by gonial angle size in dentulous Japanese subjects," Ann. Anat. ANN ANAT, vol. 194, no. 5, pp. 446-451, 2012.
[38] H. A. C. S. D. M. J. d. u. e. H. T. B. V. M. P. S. W. C. M. B. V.-M. P. B. R. M. T. M. N. Michael Newman Anne B Goodpaster Bret H, "Longitudinal study of muscle strength, quality, and adipose tissue infiltration," Am. J. Clin. Nutr., vol. 90, no. 6, pp. 1579-1585, 2009.
[39] G. Akay, Z. Akarslan, O. Karadag, and K. Gungor, "Does tooth loss in the mandibular posterior region have an effect on the mental index and panoramic mandibular index?," Eur Oral Res, vol. 53, no. 2, p. 56, 2019.
[40] G. Bozdag and S. Sener, "The evaluation of MCI, MI, PMI and GT on both genders with different age and dental status," Dentomaxillofac Radiol, vol. 44, no. 9, p. 20140435, 2015.
[41] E. Hastar, H. H. Yilmaz, and H. Orhan, "Evaluation of mental index, mandibular cortical index and panoramic mandibular index on dental panoramic radiographs in the elderly," Eur. J. Dent., vol. 5, no. 1, p. 60, 2011.
[42] P. van der Stelt, "Panoramic radiographs in dental diagnostics," Ned Tijdschr Tandheelkd., vol. 123, no. 4, pp. 181-187, 2016.
[2] Z. Aytekin and S. G. Yilmaz, "Evaluation of osseous changes in dental panoramic radiography using radiomorphometric indices in patients with hyperthyroidism," Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, vol. 133, no. 4, pp. 492-499, 2022.
[3] A. Bakan, P. Kervancıoğlu, İ. Bahşi, and E. D. Yalçın, "Comparison of the Gonial Angle With Age and Gender Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Images," Cureus, vol. 14, no. 5, 2022.
[4] A. Gulsahi, B. Yuzugullu, P. Imirzalıoglu, and Y. Genç, "Assessment of panoramic radiomorphometric indices in Turkish patients of different age groups, gender and dental status," Dentomaxillofac Radiol, vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 288-292, 2008.
[5] Q.-F. Xie and A. Ainamo, "Correlation of gonial angle size with cortical thickness, height of the mandibular residual body, and duration of edentulism," J Prosthet Dent, vol. 91, no. 5, pp. 477-482, 2004.
[6] R. Okşayan, B. Asarkaya, N. Palta, İ. Şimşek, O. Sökücü, and E. İşman, "Effects of edentulism on mandibular morphology: evaluation of panoramic radiographs," Sci. World J., vol. 2014, 2014.
[7] V. Dutra, J. Yang, H. Devlin, and C. Susin, "Mandibular bone remodelling in adults: evaluation of panoramic radiographs," Dentomaxillofac Radiol, vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 323-328, 2004.
[8] I. Karadag and H. G. Yilmaz, "Evaluation of change in trabecular bone structure surrounding dental implants by fractal dimension analysis and comparison with radiomorphometric indicators: a retrospective study," PeerJ, vol. 10, p. e13145, 2022.
[9] T. F. Tozum and A. Taguchi, "Role of dental panoramic radiographs in assessment of future dental conditions in patients with osteoporosis and periodontitis," N Y State Dent J, vol. 70, no. 1, p. 32, 2004.
[10] S. Ghosh, M. Vengal, K. M. Pai, and K. Abhishek, "Remodeling of the antegonial angle region in the human mandible: a panoramic radiographic cross-sectional study," Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal, vol. 15, no. 5, pp. e802-e807, 2010.
[11] Ü. Tozoğlu and B. Çakur, "Evaluation of the morphological changes in the mandible for dentate and totally edentate elderly population using cone-beam computed tomography," Surg. Radiol. Anat., vol. 36, no. 7, pp. 643-649, 2014.
[12] S. Geary, F. Selvi, S.-K. Chuang, and M. August, "Identifying dental panoramic radiograph features for the screening of low bone mass in postmenopausal women," Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 395-399, 2015.
[13] D. Ledgerton, K. Horner, H. Devlin, and H. Worthington, "Radiomorphometric indices of the mandible in a British female population," Dentomaxillofac Radiol, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 173-181, 1999.
[14] P. Govindraju and P. Chandra, "Radiomorphometric indices of the mandible–an indicator of osteoporosis," J Clin Diagn Res, vol. 8, no. 3, p. 195, 2014.
[15] E. Klemetti, S. Kolmakov, and H. Kröger, "Pantomography in assessment of the osteoporosis risk group," Eur. J. Oral Sci., vol. 102, no. 1, pp. 68-72, 1994.
[16] J.-K. Joo, Y.-J. Lim, H.-B. Kwon, and S.-J. Ahn, "Panoramic radiographic evaluation of the mandibular morphological changes in elderly dentate and edentulous subjects," Acta Odontol. Scand., vol. 71, no. 2, pp. 357-362, 2013.
[17] N. Yanıkoğlu and B. Yılmaz, "Radiological evaluation of changes in the gonial angle after teeth extraction and wearing of dentures: a 3-year longitudinal study," Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, vol. 105, no. 6, pp. e55-e60, 2008.
[18] S. Huumonen et al., "Influence of edentulousness on gonial angle, ramus and condylar height," J. Oral Rehabil., vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 34-38, 2010.
[19] B. Bahija et al., "Mandibular morphological variations in partially edentulous adult patients: An orthopantomographic study," Int. j. med. health res., vol. 8, no. 11, pp. 67-74, 2019.
[20] D. H. Enlow, H. J. Bianco, and S. Eklund, "The remodeling of the edentulous mandible," J Prosthet Dent, vol. 36, no. 6, pp. 685-693, 1976.
[21] S.-M. Fouda, M. M. Gad, M. El Tantawi, J. I. Virtanen, K. Sipila, and A. Raustia, "Influence of tooth loss on mandibular morphology: A cone-beam computed tomography study," J. Clin. Exp. Dent., vol. 11, no. 9, p. e814, 2019.
[22] R. Bhuyan, S. Mohanty, S. K. Bhuyan, A. Pati, S. Priyadarshini, and P. Das, "Panoramic radiograph as a forensic aid in age and gender estimation: Preliminary retrospective study," J Oral Maxillofac Pathol, vol. 22, no. 2, p. 266, 2018.
[23] J. Subtelny, "The degenerative, regenerative mandibular condyle: facial asymmetry," J. craniofac. genet. dev. biol., Suppl., vol. 1, pp. 227-237, 1985.
[24] V. Sairam, G. R. Potturi, B. Praveen, and G. Vikas, "Assessment of effect of age, gender, and dentoalveolar changes on mandibular morphology: A digital panoramic study," Contemp. Clin. Dent., vol. 9, no. 1, p. 49, 2018.
[25] N. Taleb and M. Beshlawy, "Mandibular ramus and gonial angle measurements as predictors of sex and age in an Egyptian population sample: A digital panoramic study," J Forensic Res, vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 1-7, 2015.
[26] G. Ceylan, N. Yaníkoglu, A. B. Yílmaz, and Y. Ceylan, "Changes in the mandibular angle in the dentulous and edentulous states," J Prosthet Dent, vol. 80, no. 6, pp. 680-684, 1998.
[27] V. Dutra, H. Devlin, C. Susin, J. Yang, K. Horner, and A. R. C. Fernandes, "Mandibular morphological changes in low bone mass edentulous females: evaluation of panoramic radiographs," Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, vol. 102, no. 5, pp. 663-668, 2006.
[28] M. Uma, R. Shetty, and K. K. Shenoy, "Cephalometric: evaluation of influence of edentulousness on mandibular morphology: a comparative study," J. Indian Prosthodont. Soc., vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 269-273, 2013.
[29] P. Lönberg and K. M. Lindskog, "Changes in the size of the lower jaw on account of age and loss of teeth," Acta genet. stat. med., vol. 2, pp. 1-90, 1951.
[30] V. Krishnan, L. Sreela, P. Mathew, and T. S. Prasad, "Radiographic evaluation of remodeling of mandible in adult South Indian population: Implications in forensic science," J. Forensic Dent. Sci., vol. 11, no. 3, p. 137, 2019.
[31] R. H. Chole, R. N. Patil, S. Balsaraf Chole, S. Gondivkar, A. R. Gadbail, and M. B. Yuwanati, "Association of mandible anatomy with age, gender, and dental status: a radiographic study," int. sch. res. notices, vol. 2013, 2013.
[32] H.-P. Chang, Z. Kinoshita, and T. Kawamoto, "A study of the growth changes in facial configuration," Eur J Orthod., vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 493-501, 1993.
[33] O. Bulut, N. Freudenstein, B. Hekimoglu, and S. Gurcan, "Dilemma of Gonial Angle in Sex Determination: Sexually Dimorphic or Not?," Am J Forensic Med Path, vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 361-365, 2019.
[34] P. H. Shah, R. Venkatesh, C. B. More, and V. Vaishnavee, "Age-and sex-related mandibular dimensional changes: A radiomorphometric analysis on panoramic radiographs," Indian J Dent Res, vol. 31, no. 1, p. 113, 2020.
[35] N. G. Pecora, T. Baccetti, and J. A. McNamara Jr, "The aging craniofacial complex: a longitudinal cephalometric study from late adolescence to late adulthood," Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, vol. 134, no. 4, pp. 496-505, 2008.
[36] M. Ashkenazi, L. Taubman, and A. Gavish, "Age‐Associated Changes of the Mandibular Foramen Position in Anteroposterior Dimension and of the Mandibular Angle in Dry Human Mandibles," Anat Rec (Hoboken), vol. 294, no. 8, pp. 1319-1325, 2011.
[37] S. Osato, I. Kuroyama, S. Nakajima, T. Ogawa, and K. Misaki, "Differences in 5 anatomic parameters of mandibular body morphology by gonial angle size in dentulous Japanese subjects," Ann. Anat. ANN ANAT, vol. 194, no. 5, pp. 446-451, 2012.
[38] H. A. C. S. D. M. J. d. u. e. H. T. B. V. M. P. S. W. C. M. B. V.-M. P. B. R. M. T. M. N. Michael Newman Anne B Goodpaster Bret H, "Longitudinal study of muscle strength, quality, and adipose tissue infiltration," Am. J. Clin. Nutr., vol. 90, no. 6, pp. 1579-1585, 2009.
[39] G. Akay, Z. Akarslan, O. Karadag, and K. Gungor, "Does tooth loss in the mandibular posterior region have an effect on the mental index and panoramic mandibular index?," Eur Oral Res, vol. 53, no. 2, p. 56, 2019.
[40] G. Bozdag and S. Sener, "The evaluation of MCI, MI, PMI and GT on both genders with different age and dental status," Dentomaxillofac Radiol, vol. 44, no. 9, p. 20140435, 2015.
[41] E. Hastar, H. H. Yilmaz, and H. Orhan, "Evaluation of mental index, mandibular cortical index and panoramic mandibular index on dental panoramic radiographs in the elderly," Eur. J. Dent., vol. 5, no. 1, p. 60, 2011.
[42] P. van der Stelt, "Panoramic radiographs in dental diagnostics," Ned Tijdschr Tandheelkd., vol. 123, no. 4, pp. 181-187, 2016.
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| Issue | Vol 10, No 1 (Winter 2023) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jcr.v10i1.13674 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Digital panoramic; Morphometric; Edentulous; Indices. | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Mosavat F, Sinanoglu A, Khodadadi Z, Sadeghi Sabzevari Z. Evaluation of six radiomorphometric indices. J Craniomaxillofac Res. 2023;10(1):9-17.
