Epidemiology of zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture in oral and maxillofacial trauma patients
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Abstract
Introduction: The current study is aimed at investigating the epidemiology of zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture in oral and maxillofacial trauma patients in a trauma hospital. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study with 187 patients was conducted at Khatam al-Anbia Hospital in Zahedan from April 2018 to December 2021. All the data including etiology, gender, age, ethnicity, year and place of occurrence, and site of fracture were obtained from the medical records of all oral and maxillofacial trauma patients who were subjected to ZMC fracture. Chi-Square and Fisher’s exact tests were used to analyze the data. Results: Mean age of the patients was 29.53±14.13 years. Out of 187 patients, 87.2% (163 people) were male and 12.8% (24 people) were female. People between 20 and 40 years had more ZMC fractures than other age groups with 104 cases (55.7%). Baluch ethnic group with 111 people (59.3%) experienced more fractures than other ethnic groups. The highest fracture rate occurred in 2021 with 63 cases (33.7%). Street was the most prevalent place of occurrence for fractures with 134 cases (71.6%). Isolated cheek fracture was the most common with 95 cases (51%). The most common cause of fracture was traffic accidents with a prevalence of 71.1%. Conclusion: The results revealed that traffic accident is the main cause of ZMC fractures in the studied population. Thus, public awareness and strict implementation of traffic policies are needed. Keywords: Epidemiology; Fractures; Maxillofacial trauma; Zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures.
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2. Farahvash MR, Yegane RA, Farahvash Y, Khodaei M. Maxillary fractures: a review of 56 cases in a university-affiliated hospital. Tehran University Medical Journal. 2009 Jul 1;67(4).
3. Farhadi F, Jahanshahi R, Zarandi A. Etiology of Face Fractures in Patients Referred to Imam Reza Teaching Hospital in 2013. Medical Journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. 2016 Apr 26;38(1):62-7.
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8. Blumer M, Kumalic S, Gander T, Lanzer M, Rostetter C, Rücker M, et al. Retrospective analysis of 471 surgically treated zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures. J Craniofac Surg. 2018;46(2):269-73.
9. Riden K. Key Topics in oral and maxillofacial surgery. 1998. pp.109–11.
10. Fonseca RJ, Walker RV, Betts NJ, Barber HD. Oral and Maxillofacial Trauma. 3rd ed. Elsevier. 2005;9:459-63.
11. Kamulegeya A, Lakor F, Kabenge K. Oral maxillofacial fractures seen at a Ugandan tertiary hospital: a six-month prospective study. Clinics. 2009;64(9):843-8.
12. Singaram M, Sree Vijayabala G, Udhayakumar RK. Prevalence, pattern, etiology, and management of maxillofacial trauma in a developing country: a retrospective study. Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. 2016 Aug;42(4):174.
13. Kazemiyan M, Amini P, Azimi H, Hosseini Abrishami M. The Pattern of Maxillofacial Fractures in Shahid Kamyab Trauma Center Mashhad January 2012 to July 2013. J Mashhad Dent Sch. 2014;38(3):251-6.
14. Ruslin M, Brucoli M, Boffano P, Benech A, Dediol E, Uglešić V, Kovačič Ž, Vesnaver A, Konstantinović VS, Petrović M, Stephens J. Motor vehicle accidents–related maxillofacial injuries: a multicentre and prospective study. Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, and oral radiology. 2019 Sep 1;128(3):199-204.
15. Taghavei A, Jalilimanesh M. Etiology and pathology of maxillofacial fractures in 159 patients in university hospitals in Yazd, years 1994-1995. Iran J Surg fall 2007; 15(3)
16. Zahedi S, Zahedi A, Khashabi E. Studying The Trend Of Maxillofacial Fractures In Patients Referring To Imam Khomeini Hospital, Urmia. The Journal of Urmia University of Medical Sciences. 2017;28(1):23-6.
17. Hasnat A, Hoque AE, Azam MSU, Kamrujjaman M, Akhtar M. Pattern of maxillofacial trauma among patients with head injuries. Upd Dent Coll J. 2017;7(1):14-20.
18. Akrami S, Navab Azam A, Akaberi F. Epidemiologic investigation of maxillofacial fractures in admitted patients in Yazd trauma centers (2005-2011). YJDR 2014; 2 (1) :46-60.
19. World Health Organization. Global status report on road safety 2015. World Health Organization; 2015 Dec 17.
20. Bali R, Sharma P, Garg A, Dhillon G. A comprehensive study on maxillofacial trauma conducted in Yamunanagar, India. J Inj Violence Res. 2013;5(2):108-16.
21. Arangio P, Vellone V, Torre U, Calafati V, Capriotti M, Cascone P. Maxillofacial fractures in the province of Latina, Lazio, Italy: a review of 400 injuries and 83 cases. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2014;42(5):583-7.
22. Weihsin H, Thadani S, Agrawal M, Tailor S, Sood R, Langalia A, et al. Causes and incidence of maxillofacial injuries in India: a 12-year retrospective study of 4437 patients in a tertiary hospital in Gujarat. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2014;52(8):693-6.
23. Jalali S, Nosrati K, Sarrafan N, Bijani A, Moodi E. Prevalence of Maxillofacial Fractures in Patients Referring to Babol Shahid Beheshti Hospital During 2011 to 2013. Stud Med Sci. 2015;25(12):1112-8.
24. Manodh P, Prabhu Shankar D, Pradeep D, Santhosh R, Murugan A. Incidence and patterns of maxillofacial trauma-a retrospective analysis of 3611 patients-an updates. Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2016;20(4):377-383.
25. Hwang K, You SH. Analysis of facial bone fractures: An 11-year study of 2,094 patients. Indian J Plast Surg 2010;43(1):42-8.
26. Chalya PL, McHembe M, Mabula JB, Kanumba ES, Gilyoma JM. Etiological spectrum, injury characteristics and treatment outcome of maxillofacial injuries in a Tanzanian teaching hospital. J Trauma Manag Outcomes. 2011;5(1):7. doi 10.1186/1752-2897-5-7.
27. Furtado LM, Rocha FS, Silva CJ. Retrospective analysis of maxillofacial fractures: A 7-year study of 748 patients. Int J Dent 2009;8(4):177-82.
28. Gilles HD, Kilner TP: The treatment of the broken nose. Lancet 1928; 1:147.
29. Flint PW, Cummings CW, Haughey B, Lund V, Niparko J, Richardson M. Cummings otolaryngology head & neck surgery. St. Louis: Mosby, 2010.p.500.
30. Chayra GA, Meador LR, Laskin DM. Comparison of panoramic and standard radiographs for the diagnosis of mandibular fractures. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1986; 44(9):677-9.
31. Ho JPT, Schreurs R, Aydi S, Rezai R, Maal TJ, van Wijk AJ, et al. Natural variation of the zygomaticomaxillary complex symmetry in normal individuals. Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery. 2017;45(12):1927-33.
2. Farahvash MR, Yegane RA, Farahvash Y, Khodaei M. Maxillary fractures: a review of 56 cases in a university-affiliated hospital. Tehran University Medical Journal. 2009 Jul 1;67(4).
3. Farhadi F, Jahanshahi R, Zarandi A. Etiology of Face Fractures in Patients Referred to Imam Reza Teaching Hospital in 2013. Medical Journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. 2016 Apr 26;38(1):62-7.
4. Yosefnia Pasha S, Mohamadi M, Abesi F, Khafri S. Frequency of maxillofacial fractures among patients with head and neck trauma referred to Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Babol, 2018-2019. Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences. 2021;23(1):126-34.
5. Babaie A, Kalantar Ha, Mozafari N, Gharah Ks. Epidemiology Of Maxillofacial Fractures Features In Referral Patients To Besat, 15 Khordad & Shahriyar Hospital In 2002-3. Annals of Military and Health Sciences Research. 2004;2(2):347-52.
6. Bradley D, Leung B, Saxena S, Dungarwalla M, Chapireau D, Fan K. Surgical management of zygomatic complex fractures in a major trauma center. Plastic and Aesthetic Research. 2019 May 24;6.
7. Vahidi N, Kwak P, Sismanis D, Schuman T, Hawkins D, Lee TS. Management of Complications and Secondary Deformity After Fractures of the Midface, Orbit, and Upper Third of the Maxillofacial Skeleton. Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America. 2023 Jul 11.
8. Blumer M, Kumalic S, Gander T, Lanzer M, Rostetter C, Rücker M, et al. Retrospective analysis of 471 surgically treated zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures. J Craniofac Surg. 2018;46(2):269-73.
9. Riden K. Key Topics in oral and maxillofacial surgery. 1998. pp.109–11.
10. Fonseca RJ, Walker RV, Betts NJ, Barber HD. Oral and Maxillofacial Trauma. 3rd ed. Elsevier. 2005;9:459-63.
11. Kamulegeya A, Lakor F, Kabenge K. Oral maxillofacial fractures seen at a Ugandan tertiary hospital: a six-month prospective study. Clinics. 2009;64(9):843-8.
12. Singaram M, Sree Vijayabala G, Udhayakumar RK. Prevalence, pattern, etiology, and management of maxillofacial trauma in a developing country: a retrospective study. Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. 2016 Aug;42(4):174.
13. Kazemiyan M, Amini P, Azimi H, Hosseini Abrishami M. The Pattern of Maxillofacial Fractures in Shahid Kamyab Trauma Center Mashhad January 2012 to July 2013. J Mashhad Dent Sch. 2014;38(3):251-6.
14. Ruslin M, Brucoli M, Boffano P, Benech A, Dediol E, Uglešić V, Kovačič Ž, Vesnaver A, Konstantinović VS, Petrović M, Stephens J. Motor vehicle accidents–related maxillofacial injuries: a multicentre and prospective study. Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, and oral radiology. 2019 Sep 1;128(3):199-204.
15. Taghavei A, Jalilimanesh M. Etiology and pathology of maxillofacial fractures in 159 patients in university hospitals in Yazd, years 1994-1995. Iran J Surg fall 2007; 15(3)
16. Zahedi S, Zahedi A, Khashabi E. Studying The Trend Of Maxillofacial Fractures In Patients Referring To Imam Khomeini Hospital, Urmia. The Journal of Urmia University of Medical Sciences. 2017;28(1):23-6.
17. Hasnat A, Hoque AE, Azam MSU, Kamrujjaman M, Akhtar M. Pattern of maxillofacial trauma among patients with head injuries. Upd Dent Coll J. 2017;7(1):14-20.
18. Akrami S, Navab Azam A, Akaberi F. Epidemiologic investigation of maxillofacial fractures in admitted patients in Yazd trauma centers (2005-2011). YJDR 2014; 2 (1) :46-60.
19. World Health Organization. Global status report on road safety 2015. World Health Organization; 2015 Dec 17.
20. Bali R, Sharma P, Garg A, Dhillon G. A comprehensive study on maxillofacial trauma conducted in Yamunanagar, India. J Inj Violence Res. 2013;5(2):108-16.
21. Arangio P, Vellone V, Torre U, Calafati V, Capriotti M, Cascone P. Maxillofacial fractures in the province of Latina, Lazio, Italy: a review of 400 injuries and 83 cases. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2014;42(5):583-7.
22. Weihsin H, Thadani S, Agrawal M, Tailor S, Sood R, Langalia A, et al. Causes and incidence of maxillofacial injuries in India: a 12-year retrospective study of 4437 patients in a tertiary hospital in Gujarat. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2014;52(8):693-6.
23. Jalali S, Nosrati K, Sarrafan N, Bijani A, Moodi E. Prevalence of Maxillofacial Fractures in Patients Referring to Babol Shahid Beheshti Hospital During 2011 to 2013. Stud Med Sci. 2015;25(12):1112-8.
24. Manodh P, Prabhu Shankar D, Pradeep D, Santhosh R, Murugan A. Incidence and patterns of maxillofacial trauma-a retrospective analysis of 3611 patients-an updates. Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2016;20(4):377-383.
25. Hwang K, You SH. Analysis of facial bone fractures: An 11-year study of 2,094 patients. Indian J Plast Surg 2010;43(1):42-8.
26. Chalya PL, McHembe M, Mabula JB, Kanumba ES, Gilyoma JM. Etiological spectrum, injury characteristics and treatment outcome of maxillofacial injuries in a Tanzanian teaching hospital. J Trauma Manag Outcomes. 2011;5(1):7. doi 10.1186/1752-2897-5-7.
27. Furtado LM, Rocha FS, Silva CJ. Retrospective analysis of maxillofacial fractures: A 7-year study of 748 patients. Int J Dent 2009;8(4):177-82.
28. Gilles HD, Kilner TP: The treatment of the broken nose. Lancet 1928; 1:147.
29. Flint PW, Cummings CW, Haughey B, Lund V, Niparko J, Richardson M. Cummings otolaryngology head & neck surgery. St. Louis: Mosby, 2010.p.500.
30. Chayra GA, Meador LR, Laskin DM. Comparison of panoramic and standard radiographs for the diagnosis of mandibular fractures. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1986; 44(9):677-9.
31. Ho JPT, Schreurs R, Aydi S, Rezai R, Maal TJ, van Wijk AJ, et al. Natural variation of the zygomaticomaxillary complex symmetry in normal individuals. Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery. 2017;45(12):1927-33.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 10, No 2 (Spring 2023) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jcr.v10i2.14051 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Epidemiology; Fractures; Maxillofacial trauma; Zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures. | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Ghasemi T, Khazaei AH, Teymoorpoor F, Amirpour Haradasht S. Epidemiology of zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture in oral and maxillofacial trauma patients. J Craniomaxillofac Res. 2023;10(2):52-57.
