Peri-Implantitis Treatment Modalities: A Review
Abstract
Introduction: Implant dentistry was created to show reliable treatment approaches for restoring the oral cavity’s esthetic and function. However, while dental implants have a high long-term success rate, dental implants are exposed to mechanical or biological complications. The therapeutic approaches will be addressed in this review. Materials and Methods: Different data sources were used to conduct the literature search from 2010 to 2022 for treatment methods of peri-implantitis.Results: In the study of the effect of laser, 16 items were selected for inclusion in this review. In the next step of study, we compared pre-implantitis treatment methods based on surgical and non-surgical methods without considering the drug method and finally 12 articles were included. In the final part of the study, we evaluated the effect of drug treatment on pre-implantation and 10 articles were included.Conclusion: Peri-implantitis appears to be a multifactorial disease including the patient’s host/microbe response, implant characteristics, soft tissue and the hard conditions surrounding the implant, and the dentist’s surgical and prosthetic part experience. Different treatment modalities are present today, all are used to treat peri-implantitis, such as surgery, and laser therapy. Even though the different treatment modalities cannot be comparable, however, the outcome of surgical treatment of peri-implantitis is good. In peri-implant mucositis, non-surgical treatment seems to be sufficient. However, for the treatment of peri-implantitis, a surgical approach, which includes open-flap debridement, apically positioned flap and guided bone regeneration, is considered more appropriate. Keywords: Peri-implantitis; Peri-implant mucositis; Dental Implant; Peri-implant surgical treatment.
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2. Saba Mohammadi., et al. “A Review of the Success Rate of Dental Implants in Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy". Acta Scientific Otolaryngology 4.4 (2022): 39-47.
3. Cinquini C, Marchio V, Di Donna E, Alfonsi F, Derchi G, Nisi M, Barone A. Histologic Evaluation of Soft Tissues around Dental Implant Abutments: A Narrative Review. Materials. 2022 May 27;15(11):3811.
4. Darby I. Risk factors for periodontitis & peri‐implantitis. Periodontol 2000. 2022 Oct;90(1):9-12.
5. Wiedemann TG, Hatamifar A, Jung A, Talib H. Peri-Implantitis: A Comprehensive Overview for the General Dental Practitioner. J Dent Oral Sci. 2022;4(4):1-0.
6. Matthes R, Jablonowski L, Holtfreter B, Pink C, Kocher T. Enzymatic biofilm destabilisation to support mechanical cleansing of inserted dental implant surfaces: an in-vitro pilot study. Odontology. 2021 Oct;109(4):780-91.
7. Perussolo J, Matarazzo F, Dias DR, Oliveira RP, Araújo MG. The effect of brushing discomfort on peri‐implant health in sites exhibiting inadequate keratinized mucosa width: A cross‐sectional study. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2022 Oct 1.
8. Lang NP, Berglundh T, Giannobile WV, Sanz M. Lindhe's Clinical Periodontology and Implant Dent, 2 Volume Set: John Wiley & Sons; 2021.
9. Hentenaar DF, De Waal YC, Stewart RE, Van Winkelhoff AJ, Meijer HJ, Raghoebar GM. Erythritol airpolishing in the non‐surgical treatment of peri‐implantitis: A randomized controlled trial. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2021 Jul;32(7):840-52.
10. Dos Santos Martins BG, Hasse Fernandes JC, Gomes Martins A, de Moraes Castilho R, de Oliveira Fernandes GV. Surgical and Nonsurgical Treatment Protocols for Peri-implantitis: An Overview of Systematic Reviews. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2022 Jul 1;37(4).
11. Sarmiento HL, Norton M, Korostoff J, Ko KI, Fiorellini JP. Surgical Alternatives for Treating Peri-implantitis. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2018 Sep/Oct;38(5):665-671.
12. Khoury F, Keeve PL, Ramanauskaite A, Schwarz F, Koo KT, Sculean A, et al. Surgical treatment of peri‐implantitis–Consensus report of working group 4. Int Dent J. 2019;69:18-22.
13. Roy M, Loutan L, Garavaglia G, Hashim D. Removal of osseointegrated dental implants: a systematic review of explantation techniques. Clin Oral Investig. 2020;24(1):47-60.
14. Shah, Dr & Shetty, Dr & Dharmadhikari, Suyog. (2021). Periimplant diseases and its treatment modalities: A review. Int J Appl Dent Sci. 7. 499-507. 10.22271/oral.2021.v7.i1g.1176.
15. Renvert S, Lindahl C, Roos Jansåker AM, Persson GR. Treatment of peri‐implantitis using an Er: YAG laser or an air‐abrasive device: a randomized clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol. 2011;38(1):65-73.
16. Schwarz F, Hegewald A, John G, Sahm N, Becker J. Four‐year follow‐up of combined surgical therapy of advanced peri‐implantitis evaluating two methods of surface decontamination. J Clin Periodontol. 2013;40(10):962-7.
17. Pommer B, Haas R, Mailath-Pokorny G, Fürhauser R, Watzek G, Busenlechner D, et al. Periimplantitis treatment: long-term comparison of laser decontamination and implantoplasty surgery. Implant Dent. 2016;25(5):646-9.
18. Wang CW, Ashnagar S, Gianfilippo RD, Arnett M, Kinney J, Wang HL. Laser‐assisted regenerative surgical therapy for peri‐implantitis: a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Periodontol. 2021;92(3):378-88.
19. Chen JH, Lin YC, Kung JC, Yan DY, Chen IH, Jheng YS, Lai CH, Wu YM, Lee KT. Efficacy of Er: YAG laser for the peri-implantitis treatment and microbiological changes: a randomized controlled trial. Lasers Med Sci. 2022 Aug 11:1-9.
20. Schär D, Ramseier CA, Eick S, Arweiler NB, Sculean A, Salvi GE. Anti‐infective therapy of peri‐implantitis with adjunctive local drug delivery or photodynamic therapy: six‐month outcomes of a prospective randomized clinical trial. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2013;24(1):104-10.
21. Bassetti M, Schär D, Wicki B, Eick S, Ramseier CA, Arweiler NB, et al. Anti‐infective therapy of peri‐implantitis with adjunctive local drug delivery or photodynamic therapy: 12‐month outcomes of a randomized controlled clinical trial. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2014;25(3):279-87.
22. Deppe H, Mücke T, Wagenpfeil S, Kesting M, Sculean A. Nonsurgical antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in moderate vs severe peri-implant defects: a clinical pilot study. Quintessence Int. 2013;44(8).
23. Bombeccari GP, Guzzi G, Gualini F, Gualini S, Santoro F, Spadari F. Photodynamic therapy to treat periimplantitis. Implant Dent. 2013;22(6):631-8.
24. Papadopoulos CA, Vouros I, Menexes G, Konstantinidis A. The utilization of a diode laser in the surgical treatment of peri-implantitis. A randomized clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig. 2015;19(8):1851-60.
25. Tenore G, Montori A, Mohsen A, Mattarelli G, Palaia G, Romeo U. Evaluation of adjunctive efficacy of diode laser in the treatment of peri-implant mucositis: a randomized clinical trial. Lasers Med Sci. 2020;35(6):1411-7.
26. Mettraux GR, Sculean A, Bürgin WB, Salvi GE. Two‐year clinical outcomes following non‐surgical mechanical therapy of peri‐implantitis with adjunctive diode laser application. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2016;27(7):845-9.
27. Arısan V, Karabuda ZC, Arıcı SV, Topçuoğlu N, Külekçi G. A randomized clinical trial of an adjunct diode laser application for the nonsurgical treatment of peri-implantitis. Photomed Laser surg. 2015;33(11):547-54.
28. Alpaslan Yayli NZ, Talmac AC, Keskin Tunc S, Akbal D, Altindal D, Ertugrul AS. Erbium, chromium-doped: yttrium, scandium, gallium, garnet and diode lasers in the treatment of peri‐implantitis: clinical and biochemical outcomes in a randomized-controlled clinical trial. Lasers Med Sci. 2022 Feb;37(1):665-74.
29. Roccuzzo A, Klossner S, Stähli A, Imber JC, Eick S, Sculean A, Salvi GE. Non‐surgical mechanical therapy of peri‐implantitis with or without repeated adjunctive diode laser application. A 6‐month double‐blinded randomized clinical trial. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2022 Sep;33(9):900-12.
30. Wawrzyk A, Rahnama M, Sofińska-Chmiel W, Wilczyński S, Gutarowska B, Konka A, Zeljas D, Łobacz M. Analysis of the Microbiome on the Surface of Corroded Titanium Dental Implants in Patients with Periimplantitis and Diode Laser Irradiation as an Aid in the Implant Prosthetic Treatment: An Ex Vivo Study. Materials. 2022 Aug 26;15(17):5890.
31. John G, Sahm N, Becker J, Schwarz F. Nonsurgical treatment of peri-implantitis using an air-abrasive device or mechanical debridement and local application of chlorhexidine. Twelve-month follow-up of a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical study. Clin Oral Investig. 2015;19(8):1807-14.
32. Machtei EE, Frankenthal S, Levi G, Elimelech R, Shoshani E, Rosenfeld O, et al. Treatment of peri‐implantitis using multiple applications of chlorhexidine chips: a double‐blind, randomized multi‐centre clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol. 2012;39(12):1198-205.
33. Roos‐Jansåker AM, Almhöjd US, Jansson H. Treatment of peri‐implantitis: Clinical outcome of chloramine as an adjunctive to non‐surgical therapy, a randomized clinical trial. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2017;28(1):43-8.
34. Sahm N, Becker J, Santel T, Schwarz F. Non‐surgical treatment of peri‐implantitis using an air‐abrasive device or mechanical debridement and local application of chlorhexidine: a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical study. J Clin Periodontol. 2011;38(9):872-8.
35. Heyman O, Horev Y, Mizraji G, Haviv Y, Shapira L, Wilensky A. Excessive inflammatory response to infection in experimental peri‐implantitis: Resolution by Resolvin D2. J Clin Periodontol. 2022 Nov;49(11):1217-28.
36. Khan SN, Koldsland OC, Roos‐Jansåker AM, Wohlfahrt JC, Verket A, Mdala I, Magnusson A, Salvesen E, Hjortsjö C. Non‐surgical treatment of mild to moderate peri‐implantitis using an oscillating chitosan brush or a titanium curette—A randomized multicentre controlled clinical trial. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2022 Oct 7.
37. Hentenaar DF, De Waal Y, Strooker H, Meijer HJ, Van Winkelhoff A-J, Raghoebar GM. Implant decontamination with phosphoric acid during surgical peri-implantitis treatment: a RCT. Int J Implant Dent. 2017;3(1):1-9.
38. Isehed C, Svenson B, Lundberg P, Holmlund A. Surgical treatment of peri‐implantitis using enamel matrix derivative, an RCT: 3‐and 5‐year follow‐up. J Clin Periodontol. 2018;45(6):744-53.
39. de Waal YC, Raghoebar GM, Huddleston Slater JJ, Meijer HJ, Winkel EG, van Winkelhoff AJ. Implant decontamination during surgical peri‐implantitis treatment: a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial. J Clin Periodontol. 2013;40(2):186-95.
40. De Waal Y, Raghoebar G, Meijer H, Winkel E, Van Winkelhoff A. Implant decontamination with 2% chlorhexidine during surgical peri‐implantitis treatment: a randomized, double‐blind, controlled trial. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2015;26(9):1015-23.
41. Monje A, Pons R, Vilarrasa J, Nart J, Wang HL. Significance of Barrier Membrane on the Reconstructive Therapy of Peri‐Implantitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Periodontol. 2022 Nov 18.
42. Al Deeb M, Alsahhaf A, Alhamoudi N, Al-Aali KA, Abduljabbar T. Clinical and microbiological outcomes of photodynamic and systemic antimicrobial therapy in smokers with peri-implant inflammation. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2020;29:101587.
43. Shibli JA, Ferrari DS, Siroma RS, Figueiredo LCd, Faveri Md, Feres M. Microbiological and clinical effects of adjunctive systemic metronidazole and amoxicillin in the non-surgical treatment of peri-implantitis: 1 year follow-up. Brazilian oral research. 2019;33.
44. Liñares A, Pico A, Blanco C, Blanco J. Adjunctive Systemic Metronidazole to Nonsurgical Therapy of Peri-implantitis with Intrabony Defects: A Retrospective Case Series Study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2019;34(5).
45. Nart J, Pons R, Valles C, Esmatges A, Sanz-Martín I, Monje A. Non-surgical therapeutic outcomes of peri-implantitis: 12-month results. Clin Oral Investig. 2020;24(2):675-82.
46. Hallström H, Persson GR, Lindgren S, Renvert S. Open flap debridement of peri‐implantitis with or without adjunctive systemic antibiotics: A randomized clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol. 2017;44(12):1285-93.
47. Jepsen K, Jepsen S, Laine M, Anssari Moin D, Pilloni A, Zeza B, et al. Reconstruction of peri-implant osseous defects: a multicenter randomized trial. J Dent Res. 2016;95(1):58-66.
48. De Waal YC, Vangsted TE, Van Winkelhoff AJ. Systemic antibiotic therapy as an adjunct to non‐surgical peri‐implantitis treatment: A single‐blind RCT. J Clin Periodontol. 2021;48(7):996-1006.
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2. Saba Mohammadi., et al. “A Review of the Success Rate of Dental Implants in Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy". Acta Scientific Otolaryngology 4.4 (2022): 39-47.
3. Cinquini C, Marchio V, Di Donna E, Alfonsi F, Derchi G, Nisi M, Barone A. Histologic Evaluation of Soft Tissues around Dental Implant Abutments: A Narrative Review. Materials. 2022 May 27;15(11):3811.
4. Darby I. Risk factors for periodontitis & peri‐implantitis. Periodontol 2000. 2022 Oct;90(1):9-12.
5. Wiedemann TG, Hatamifar A, Jung A, Talib H. Peri-Implantitis: A Comprehensive Overview for the General Dental Practitioner. J Dent Oral Sci. 2022;4(4):1-0.
6. Matthes R, Jablonowski L, Holtfreter B, Pink C, Kocher T. Enzymatic biofilm destabilisation to support mechanical cleansing of inserted dental implant surfaces: an in-vitro pilot study. Odontology. 2021 Oct;109(4):780-91.
7. Perussolo J, Matarazzo F, Dias DR, Oliveira RP, Araújo MG. The effect of brushing discomfort on peri‐implant health in sites exhibiting inadequate keratinized mucosa width: A cross‐sectional study. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2022 Oct 1.
8. Lang NP, Berglundh T, Giannobile WV, Sanz M. Lindhe's Clinical Periodontology and Implant Dent, 2 Volume Set: John Wiley & Sons; 2021.
9. Hentenaar DF, De Waal YC, Stewart RE, Van Winkelhoff AJ, Meijer HJ, Raghoebar GM. Erythritol airpolishing in the non‐surgical treatment of peri‐implantitis: A randomized controlled trial. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2021 Jul;32(7):840-52.
10. Dos Santos Martins BG, Hasse Fernandes JC, Gomes Martins A, de Moraes Castilho R, de Oliveira Fernandes GV. Surgical and Nonsurgical Treatment Protocols for Peri-implantitis: An Overview of Systematic Reviews. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2022 Jul 1;37(4).
11. Sarmiento HL, Norton M, Korostoff J, Ko KI, Fiorellini JP. Surgical Alternatives for Treating Peri-implantitis. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2018 Sep/Oct;38(5):665-671.
12. Khoury F, Keeve PL, Ramanauskaite A, Schwarz F, Koo KT, Sculean A, et al. Surgical treatment of peri‐implantitis–Consensus report of working group 4. Int Dent J. 2019;69:18-22.
13. Roy M, Loutan L, Garavaglia G, Hashim D. Removal of osseointegrated dental implants: a systematic review of explantation techniques. Clin Oral Investig. 2020;24(1):47-60.
14. Shah, Dr & Shetty, Dr & Dharmadhikari, Suyog. (2021). Periimplant diseases and its treatment modalities: A review. Int J Appl Dent Sci. 7. 499-507. 10.22271/oral.2021.v7.i1g.1176.
15. Renvert S, Lindahl C, Roos Jansåker AM, Persson GR. Treatment of peri‐implantitis using an Er: YAG laser or an air‐abrasive device: a randomized clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol. 2011;38(1):65-73.
16. Schwarz F, Hegewald A, John G, Sahm N, Becker J. Four‐year follow‐up of combined surgical therapy of advanced peri‐implantitis evaluating two methods of surface decontamination. J Clin Periodontol. 2013;40(10):962-7.
17. Pommer B, Haas R, Mailath-Pokorny G, Fürhauser R, Watzek G, Busenlechner D, et al. Periimplantitis treatment: long-term comparison of laser decontamination and implantoplasty surgery. Implant Dent. 2016;25(5):646-9.
18. Wang CW, Ashnagar S, Gianfilippo RD, Arnett M, Kinney J, Wang HL. Laser‐assisted regenerative surgical therapy for peri‐implantitis: a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Periodontol. 2021;92(3):378-88.
19. Chen JH, Lin YC, Kung JC, Yan DY, Chen IH, Jheng YS, Lai CH, Wu YM, Lee KT. Efficacy of Er: YAG laser for the peri-implantitis treatment and microbiological changes: a randomized controlled trial. Lasers Med Sci. 2022 Aug 11:1-9.
20. Schär D, Ramseier CA, Eick S, Arweiler NB, Sculean A, Salvi GE. Anti‐infective therapy of peri‐implantitis with adjunctive local drug delivery or photodynamic therapy: six‐month outcomes of a prospective randomized clinical trial. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2013;24(1):104-10.
21. Bassetti M, Schär D, Wicki B, Eick S, Ramseier CA, Arweiler NB, et al. Anti‐infective therapy of peri‐implantitis with adjunctive local drug delivery or photodynamic therapy: 12‐month outcomes of a randomized controlled clinical trial. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2014;25(3):279-87.
22. Deppe H, Mücke T, Wagenpfeil S, Kesting M, Sculean A. Nonsurgical antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in moderate vs severe peri-implant defects: a clinical pilot study. Quintessence Int. 2013;44(8).
23. Bombeccari GP, Guzzi G, Gualini F, Gualini S, Santoro F, Spadari F. Photodynamic therapy to treat periimplantitis. Implant Dent. 2013;22(6):631-8.
24. Papadopoulos CA, Vouros I, Menexes G, Konstantinidis A. The utilization of a diode laser in the surgical treatment of peri-implantitis. A randomized clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig. 2015;19(8):1851-60.
25. Tenore G, Montori A, Mohsen A, Mattarelli G, Palaia G, Romeo U. Evaluation of adjunctive efficacy of diode laser in the treatment of peri-implant mucositis: a randomized clinical trial. Lasers Med Sci. 2020;35(6):1411-7.
26. Mettraux GR, Sculean A, Bürgin WB, Salvi GE. Two‐year clinical outcomes following non‐surgical mechanical therapy of peri‐implantitis with adjunctive diode laser application. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2016;27(7):845-9.
27. Arısan V, Karabuda ZC, Arıcı SV, Topçuoğlu N, Külekçi G. A randomized clinical trial of an adjunct diode laser application for the nonsurgical treatment of peri-implantitis. Photomed Laser surg. 2015;33(11):547-54.
28. Alpaslan Yayli NZ, Talmac AC, Keskin Tunc S, Akbal D, Altindal D, Ertugrul AS. Erbium, chromium-doped: yttrium, scandium, gallium, garnet and diode lasers in the treatment of peri‐implantitis: clinical and biochemical outcomes in a randomized-controlled clinical trial. Lasers Med Sci. 2022 Feb;37(1):665-74.
29. Roccuzzo A, Klossner S, Stähli A, Imber JC, Eick S, Sculean A, Salvi GE. Non‐surgical mechanical therapy of peri‐implantitis with or without repeated adjunctive diode laser application. A 6‐month double‐blinded randomized clinical trial. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2022 Sep;33(9):900-12.
30. Wawrzyk A, Rahnama M, Sofińska-Chmiel W, Wilczyński S, Gutarowska B, Konka A, Zeljas D, Łobacz M. Analysis of the Microbiome on the Surface of Corroded Titanium Dental Implants in Patients with Periimplantitis and Diode Laser Irradiation as an Aid in the Implant Prosthetic Treatment: An Ex Vivo Study. Materials. 2022 Aug 26;15(17):5890.
31. John G, Sahm N, Becker J, Schwarz F. Nonsurgical treatment of peri-implantitis using an air-abrasive device or mechanical debridement and local application of chlorhexidine. Twelve-month follow-up of a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical study. Clin Oral Investig. 2015;19(8):1807-14.
32. Machtei EE, Frankenthal S, Levi G, Elimelech R, Shoshani E, Rosenfeld O, et al. Treatment of peri‐implantitis using multiple applications of chlorhexidine chips: a double‐blind, randomized multi‐centre clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol. 2012;39(12):1198-205.
33. Roos‐Jansåker AM, Almhöjd US, Jansson H. Treatment of peri‐implantitis: Clinical outcome of chloramine as an adjunctive to non‐surgical therapy, a randomized clinical trial. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2017;28(1):43-8.
34. Sahm N, Becker J, Santel T, Schwarz F. Non‐surgical treatment of peri‐implantitis using an air‐abrasive device or mechanical debridement and local application of chlorhexidine: a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical study. J Clin Periodontol. 2011;38(9):872-8.
35. Heyman O, Horev Y, Mizraji G, Haviv Y, Shapira L, Wilensky A. Excessive inflammatory response to infection in experimental peri‐implantitis: Resolution by Resolvin D2. J Clin Periodontol. 2022 Nov;49(11):1217-28.
36. Khan SN, Koldsland OC, Roos‐Jansåker AM, Wohlfahrt JC, Verket A, Mdala I, Magnusson A, Salvesen E, Hjortsjö C. Non‐surgical treatment of mild to moderate peri‐implantitis using an oscillating chitosan brush or a titanium curette—A randomized multicentre controlled clinical trial. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2022 Oct 7.
37. Hentenaar DF, De Waal Y, Strooker H, Meijer HJ, Van Winkelhoff A-J, Raghoebar GM. Implant decontamination with phosphoric acid during surgical peri-implantitis treatment: a RCT. Int J Implant Dent. 2017;3(1):1-9.
38. Isehed C, Svenson B, Lundberg P, Holmlund A. Surgical treatment of peri‐implantitis using enamel matrix derivative, an RCT: 3‐and 5‐year follow‐up. J Clin Periodontol. 2018;45(6):744-53.
39. de Waal YC, Raghoebar GM, Huddleston Slater JJ, Meijer HJ, Winkel EG, van Winkelhoff AJ. Implant decontamination during surgical peri‐implantitis treatment: a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial. J Clin Periodontol. 2013;40(2):186-95.
40. De Waal Y, Raghoebar G, Meijer H, Winkel E, Van Winkelhoff A. Implant decontamination with 2% chlorhexidine during surgical peri‐implantitis treatment: a randomized, double‐blind, controlled trial. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2015;26(9):1015-23.
41. Monje A, Pons R, Vilarrasa J, Nart J, Wang HL. Significance of Barrier Membrane on the Reconstructive Therapy of Peri‐Implantitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Periodontol. 2022 Nov 18.
42. Al Deeb M, Alsahhaf A, Alhamoudi N, Al-Aali KA, Abduljabbar T. Clinical and microbiological outcomes of photodynamic and systemic antimicrobial therapy in smokers with peri-implant inflammation. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2020;29:101587.
43. Shibli JA, Ferrari DS, Siroma RS, Figueiredo LCd, Faveri Md, Feres M. Microbiological and clinical effects of adjunctive systemic metronidazole and amoxicillin in the non-surgical treatment of peri-implantitis: 1 year follow-up. Brazilian oral research. 2019;33.
44. Liñares A, Pico A, Blanco C, Blanco J. Adjunctive Systemic Metronidazole to Nonsurgical Therapy of Peri-implantitis with Intrabony Defects: A Retrospective Case Series Study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2019;34(5).
45. Nart J, Pons R, Valles C, Esmatges A, Sanz-Martín I, Monje A. Non-surgical therapeutic outcomes of peri-implantitis: 12-month results. Clin Oral Investig. 2020;24(2):675-82.
46. Hallström H, Persson GR, Lindgren S, Renvert S. Open flap debridement of peri‐implantitis with or without adjunctive systemic antibiotics: A randomized clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol. 2017;44(12):1285-93.
47. Jepsen K, Jepsen S, Laine M, Anssari Moin D, Pilloni A, Zeza B, et al. Reconstruction of peri-implant osseous defects: a multicenter randomized trial. J Dent Res. 2016;95(1):58-66.
48. De Waal YC, Vangsted TE, Van Winkelhoff AJ. Systemic antibiotic therapy as an adjunct to non‐surgical peri‐implantitis treatment: A single‐blind RCT. J Clin Periodontol. 2021;48(7):996-1006.
49. AlShaikh M, Mehmood A, Alqhtani N, Alkhtani F, AlEnazi A. Efficacy of antibiotic versus probiotics as adjuncts to mechanical debridement for managing peri-implant mucositis. J Oral Implantol. 2021.
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| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 10, No 4 (Autumn 2023) | |
| Section | Review Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jcr.v10i4.15304 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Peri-implantitis Peri-implant mucositis Dental Implant Peri-implant surgical treatment | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Razmara F, Tayari N, Mohammadi S. Peri-Implantitis Treatment Modalities: A Review. J Craniomaxillofac Res. 2024;10(4):136-145.
