Serum Vitamin D Level and Female Teenage Caries Experience
-
Elham Ahmadi
,
Khadijeh Mirzaei
,
MirSaeed Yekaninejad
,
Sasan Fallahi
,
Ladan Ranjbar Omrani
,
Hamid Kermanshah
,
Mahboobeh Mahmood
,
Mohadeseh Nouri
Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed to assess Serum Vitamin D level and female teenage caries experience. Materials and Methods: This study evaluated 330 healthy female Iranian students between 13 to 19 years residing in Rey city. A questionnaire collected their demographic information. They underwent clinical dental examination to determine the number of decayed (D), missing (M) and filled (F) teeth (DMFT index). The nutritional status was evaluated using the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) by assessing the consumption of cariostatic, cariogenic, remineralizing, sticky foods and carbohydrates. The serum samples were collected to measure the serum vitamin D level using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Data were analyzed by multiple logistic regression and independent samples t-test. Results: The mean DMFT was 5.34±3.94. of all, 69.3% had severe vitamin D deficiency, 20.3% had moderate vitamin D deficiency and 10.4% had normal level of vitamin D. Cariostatic agents consumption had a significant inverse correlation with DMFT (P=0.006). An increase in serum level of vitamin D by more than 10.27ng/mL was associated with a reduction in prevalence of dental caries by 22%. Increased consumption of cariostatic agents by more than 89.30g/day decreased the prevalence of dental caries by 32%. No significant association was noted between the prevalence of dental caries and level of parent’s education, consanguinity of parents, level of income, place of residence, frequency of tooth brushing, dental flossing, and dental visits (P>0.05). Conclusion: While the serum vitamin D level had no significant effect on DMFT, the nutritional regimen seemed to play a more important role in caries control. Keywords: Vitamin D; Caries; Female; Teenagers; Cariostatic.
References:
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2. Shafie Zadeh N, Soleimani F, Askarizadeh N, Mokhtari S, Fatehi R. Dental status and DMFT index in 12 year old children of public care Centers in Tehran. Iran Rehabil J. 2011 Oct 10;9(2):51-4.
3. Rabbani D., Naemi E., Mosavi Gh.A. Dental Health Status of Junior High Schools Students Golpaygan City, Iran. Int Arch Health Sci. 2015 Apr 10;2(2):89-93.
4. Rezaei-Soufi L, Kasraei S, Jazaeri M, Khamverdi Z. Dental caries experience in 13‒19-year-old Iranian students expressed by DMFT and significant caries index. AJDR. 2018 Apr 20;3(2):102-9.
5. Vanishree T, Panchmal GS, Shenoy RP, Jodalli P, Sonde L. Caries Prevention: Vitamin Way-A Novel Approach. IJHSR. 2016;6:484-8.
6. Grant WB. A review of the role of solar ultraviolet-B irradiance and vitamin in reducing risk of dental caries. Dermatoendocrinol. 2011 Jul 1;3(3):193-8.
7. TUDORONIU, Cosmin, et al. Correlation of caries prevalence, oral health behavior and sweets nutritional habits among 10 to 19-year-old Cluj-Napoca Romanian adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2020, 17.18: 6923.
8. KAVITHA, Druvan, et al. Prevalence of dental caries in adult south Indian population in association with dietary pattern: A comparative study. Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences, 2020, 12.Suppl 1: S546.
9. HARMOUCHE-KARAKI, Mireille, et al. Development and validation of a quantitative food frequency questionnaire to assess dietary intake among Lebanese adults. Nutrition journal, 2020, 19.1: 1-19.
10. Wang H, Chen W, Li D, Yin X, Zhang X, Olsen N, Zheng SG. Vitamin D and chronic diseases. Aging Dis. 2017 May;8(3):346.
11. Hall JE. Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology e-Book: Parathyroid Hormone, Calcitonin, Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism, Vitamin D, Bone, and Teeth.13th ed. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2015.
12. Berdal A, Bailleul-Forestier I, Davideau JL, Lézot F (2005). Dentoalveolar bone complex and vitamin D. Vitamin D. 2005:599-607.
13. Schwalfenberg GK. A review of the critical role of vitamin D in the functioning of the immune system and the clinical implications of vitamin D deficiency. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2011 Jan;55(1):96-108.
14. J Zhou F, Zhou Y, Shi J. The association between serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels and dental caries in US adults. Oral Dis. 2020 Oct;26(7):1537-47.
15. Bener A, Al Darwish MS, Hoffmann GF. Vitamin D deficiency and risk of dental caries among young children: a public health problem. Indian J Oral Sci. 2013 May 1;4(2):75-82.
16. Herzog K, Scott JM, Hujoel P, Seminario AL. Association of vitamin D and dental caries in children: Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005-2006. J Am Dent Assoc. 2016 Jun 1;147(6):413-20.
17. Tanaka K, Hitsumoto S, Miyake Y, Okubo H, Sasaki S, Miyatake N, Arakawa M. Higher vitamin D intake during pregnancy is associated with reduced risk of dental caries in young Japanese children. Ann Epidemiol. 2015 Aug 1;25(8):620-5.
18. Botelho J, Machado V, Proença L, Delgado AS, Mendes JJ. Vitamin D Deficiency and Oral Health: A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients. 2020;12:1471-87.
19. Brown T, Creed S, Alexander S, Barnard K, Bridges N, Hancock M. Vitamin D deficiency in children with dental caries-a prevalence study. Arch Dis Child. 2012 May 1;97(Suppl 1):A103-.
20. Hujoel PP. Vitamin D and dental caries in controlled clinical trials: systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev. 2013 Feb 1;71(2):88-97.
21. Schroth R, Jeal N, Kliewer E, Sellers EA. The relationship between vitamin D and severe early childhood caries: a pilot study. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2012 Feb 1;82(1):53-62.
22. Schroth RJ, Rabbani R, Loewen G, Moffatt ME. Vitamin D and dental caries in children. J Dent Res. 2016 Feb;95(2):173-9.
23. Schroth RJ, Lavelle C, Tate R, Bruce S, Billings RJ, Moffatt ME. Prenatal vitamin D and dental caries in infants. Pediatrics. 2014 May 1;133(5):e1277-84.
24. Schroth RJ, Levi JA, Sellers EA, Friel J, Kliewer E, Moffatt ME. Vitamin D status of children with severe early childhood caries: a case–control study. BMC pediatr. 2013 Dec;13(1):1-8.
25. Antonenko O, Bryk G, Brito G, Pellegrini G, Zeni SN. Oral health in young women having a low calcium and vitamin D nutritional status. Clin Oral Invest. 2015 Jul;19(6):1199-206.
26. Berdal A, Hotton D, Pike JW, Mathieu H, Dupret JM. Cell-and stage-specific expression of vitamin D receptor and calbindin genes in rat incisor: regulation by 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Dev Biol. 1993;155:172-9.
27. Day CM, Sedwick HJ. The Fat-Soluble Vitamins and Dental Caries in Children. J Nutr. 1934;8:309-28.
28. Gyll J, Ridell K, Öhlund I, Åkeson PK, Johansson I, Holgerson PL. Vitamin D status and dental caries in healthy Swedish children. Nutrition J. 2018 Dec;17(1):1-0.
29. Kim IJ, Lee HS, Ju HJ, Na JY, Oh HW. A cross-sectional study on the association between vitamin D levels and caries in the permanent dentition of Korean children. BMC oral health. 2018 Dec;18(1):1-6.
30. Reed SG, Voronca D, Wingate JS, Murali M, Lawson AB, Hulsey TC, Ebeling MD, Hollis BW, Wagner CL. Prenatal vitamin D and enamel hypoplasia in human primary maxillary central incisors: a pilot study. Pediatr Dent J. 2017 Apr 1;27(1):21-8.
31. van der Tas JT, Elfrink ME, Heijboer AC, Rivadeneira F, Jaddoe VW, Tiemeier H, Schoufour JD, Moll HA, Ongkosuwito EM, Wolvius EB, Voortman T. Foetal, neonatal and child vitamin D status and enamel hypomineralization. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2018 Aug;46(4):343-51.
32. Wójcik D, Krzewska A, Szalewski L, Pietryka-Michałowska E, Szalewska M, Krzewski S, Pels E, Beń-Skowronek I. Dental caries and vitamin D3 in children with growth hormone deficiency: a STROBE compliant study. Medicine. 2018 Feb;97(8).
33. Esfahani FH, Asghari G, Mirmiran P, Azizi F. Reproducibility and relative validity of food group intake in a food frequency questionnaire developed for the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. J Epidemiol. 2010 Mar 5;20(2):150-8.
34. Çağlar E., Kuşcu Ö.Ö. (2016) The Role of Diet in Caries Prevention. In: Eden E. (eds) Evidence-Based Caries Prevention. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40034-1_6.
35. Fejerskov O, Kidd E: Dental Caries The Disease and its Clinical Management 2Oxford, Blackwell Munksgaard, 2008.
36. Hujoel PP, Lingström P. Nutrition, dental caries and periodontal disease: a narrative review. J Clin Periodontol. 2017 Mar;44:S79-84.
37. Kidd EA, Fejerskov O. Essentials of dental caries. Oxford University Press; 2016 .
38. Soliman RS, Rahman AA, Dowidar KL. Cariogenic Effect of Dietary Habits Among Caries Free and Early Childhood Caries Children. Alex Dent J. 2017 Apr 1;42(1):62-6.
39. World Health Organization. Oral health surveys: basic methods. World Health Organization; 2013.
40. Hofilena VO. A Comparison of Vitamin D Levels in Children with Early Childhood Caries;2015.
41. Ebrahimi M, Khashayar P, Keshtkar A, Etemad K, Dini M, Mohammadi Z, Ebrahimi H, Chaman R, Larijani B. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among Iranian adolescents. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2014 Jul 1;27(7-8):595-602.
42. J Almoudi MM, Hussein AS, Abu Hassan MI, Schroth RJ. Dental caries and vitamin D status in children in Asia. Pediatr Int. 2019 Apr;61(4):327-38.
43. Frencken JE, de Amorim RG, Faber J, Leal SC. The Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (CAST) index: rational and development. Int Dent J. 2011 Jun 1;61(3):117-23.
44. Monse B, Heinrich‐Weltzien R, Benzian H, Holmgren C, van Palenstein Helderman W. PUFA–an index of clinical consequences of untreated dental caries. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2010 Feb;38(1):77-82.
45. Amiresmaili M, Amini S, Shahravan A, Goudarzi R, Anari SH, Anbari Z, Ghanbarnejad M. Relation between socioeconomic indicators and children dental caries in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Prev Med. 2018;9:71-99.
46. Sroda R, Reinhard T. Nutrition for dental health, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer; 2018.
47. Hayes MJ, Cheng B, Musolino R, Rogers AA. Dietary analysis and nutritional counselling for caries prevention in dental practise: a pilot study. Aust Dent J. 2017 Dec;62(4):485-92.
1. Kundu H, Patthi B, Singla A, Jankiram C, Jain S, Singh K. Dental caries scenario among 5, 12 and 15-year-old children in India-A retrospective analysis. JCDR. 2015;9(7):1-5.
2. Shafie Zadeh N, Soleimani F, Askarizadeh N, Mokhtari S, Fatehi R. Dental status and DMFT index in 12 year old children of public care Centers in Tehran. Iran Rehabil J. 2011 Oct 10;9(2):51-4.
3. Rabbani D., Naemi E., Mosavi Gh.A. Dental Health Status of Junior High Schools Students Golpaygan City, Iran. Int Arch Health Sci. 2015 Apr 10;2(2):89-93.
4. Rezaei-Soufi L, Kasraei S, Jazaeri M, Khamverdi Z. Dental caries experience in 13‒19-year-old Iranian students expressed by DMFT and significant caries index. AJDR. 2018 Apr 20;3(2):102-9.
5. Vanishree T, Panchmal GS, Shenoy RP, Jodalli P, Sonde L. Caries Prevention: Vitamin Way-A Novel Approach. IJHSR. 2016;6:484-8.
6. Grant WB. A review of the role of solar ultraviolet-B irradiance and vitamin in reducing risk of dental caries. Dermatoendocrinol. 2011 Jul 1;3(3):193-8.
7. TUDORONIU, Cosmin, et al. Correlation of caries prevalence, oral health behavior and sweets nutritional habits among 10 to 19-year-old Cluj-Napoca Romanian adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2020, 17.18: 6923.
8. KAVITHA, Druvan, et al. Prevalence of dental caries in adult south Indian population in association with dietary pattern: A comparative study. Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences, 2020, 12.Suppl 1: S546.
9. HARMOUCHE-KARAKI, Mireille, et al. Development and validation of a quantitative food frequency questionnaire to assess dietary intake among Lebanese adults. Nutrition journal, 2020, 19.1: 1-19.
10. Wang H, Chen W, Li D, Yin X, Zhang X, Olsen N, Zheng SG. Vitamin D and chronic diseases. Aging Dis. 2017 May;8(3):346.
11. Hall JE. Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology e-Book: Parathyroid Hormone, Calcitonin, Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism, Vitamin D, Bone, and Teeth.13th ed. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2015.
12. Berdal A, Bailleul-Forestier I, Davideau JL, Lézot F (2005). Dentoalveolar bone complex and vitamin D. Vitamin D. 2005:599-607.
13. Schwalfenberg GK. A review of the critical role of vitamin D in the functioning of the immune system and the clinical implications of vitamin D deficiency. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2011 Jan;55(1):96-108.
14. J Zhou F, Zhou Y, Shi J. The association between serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels and dental caries in US adults. Oral Dis. 2020 Oct;26(7):1537-47.
15. Bener A, Al Darwish MS, Hoffmann GF. Vitamin D deficiency and risk of dental caries among young children: a public health problem. Indian J Oral Sci. 2013 May 1;4(2):75-82.
16. Herzog K, Scott JM, Hujoel P, Seminario AL. Association of vitamin D and dental caries in children: Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005-2006. J Am Dent Assoc. 2016 Jun 1;147(6):413-20.
17. Tanaka K, Hitsumoto S, Miyake Y, Okubo H, Sasaki S, Miyatake N, Arakawa M. Higher vitamin D intake during pregnancy is associated with reduced risk of dental caries in young Japanese children. Ann Epidemiol. 2015 Aug 1;25(8):620-5.
18. Botelho J, Machado V, Proença L, Delgado AS, Mendes JJ. Vitamin D Deficiency and Oral Health: A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients. 2020;12:1471-87.
19. Brown T, Creed S, Alexander S, Barnard K, Bridges N, Hancock M. Vitamin D deficiency in children with dental caries-a prevalence study. Arch Dis Child. 2012 May 1;97(Suppl 1):A103-.
20. Hujoel PP. Vitamin D and dental caries in controlled clinical trials: systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev. 2013 Feb 1;71(2):88-97.
21. Schroth R, Jeal N, Kliewer E, Sellers EA. The relationship between vitamin D and severe early childhood caries: a pilot study. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2012 Feb 1;82(1):53-62.
22. Schroth RJ, Rabbani R, Loewen G, Moffatt ME. Vitamin D and dental caries in children. J Dent Res. 2016 Feb;95(2):173-9.
23. Schroth RJ, Lavelle C, Tate R, Bruce S, Billings RJ, Moffatt ME. Prenatal vitamin D and dental caries in infants. Pediatrics. 2014 May 1;133(5):e1277-84.
24. Schroth RJ, Levi JA, Sellers EA, Friel J, Kliewer E, Moffatt ME. Vitamin D status of children with severe early childhood caries: a case–control study. BMC pediatr. 2013 Dec;13(1):1-8.
25. Antonenko O, Bryk G, Brito G, Pellegrini G, Zeni SN. Oral health in young women having a low calcium and vitamin D nutritional status. Clin Oral Invest. 2015 Jul;19(6):1199-206.
26. Berdal A, Hotton D, Pike JW, Mathieu H, Dupret JM. Cell-and stage-specific expression of vitamin D receptor and calbindin genes in rat incisor: regulation by 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Dev Biol. 1993;155:172-9.
27. Day CM, Sedwick HJ. The Fat-Soluble Vitamins and Dental Caries in Children. J Nutr. 1934;8:309-28.
28. Gyll J, Ridell K, Öhlund I, Åkeson PK, Johansson I, Holgerson PL. Vitamin D status and dental caries in healthy Swedish children. Nutrition J. 2018 Dec;17(1):1-0.
29. Kim IJ, Lee HS, Ju HJ, Na JY, Oh HW. A cross-sectional study on the association between vitamin D levels and caries in the permanent dentition of Korean children. BMC oral health. 2018 Dec;18(1):1-6.
30. Reed SG, Voronca D, Wingate JS, Murali M, Lawson AB, Hulsey TC, Ebeling MD, Hollis BW, Wagner CL. Prenatal vitamin D and enamel hypoplasia in human primary maxillary central incisors: a pilot study. Pediatr Dent J. 2017 Apr 1;27(1):21-8.
31. van der Tas JT, Elfrink ME, Heijboer AC, Rivadeneira F, Jaddoe VW, Tiemeier H, Schoufour JD, Moll HA, Ongkosuwito EM, Wolvius EB, Voortman T. Foetal, neonatal and child vitamin D status and enamel hypomineralization. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2018 Aug;46(4):343-51.
32. Wójcik D, Krzewska A, Szalewski L, Pietryka-Michałowska E, Szalewska M, Krzewski S, Pels E, Beń-Skowronek I. Dental caries and vitamin D3 in children with growth hormone deficiency: a STROBE compliant study. Medicine. 2018 Feb;97(8).
33. Esfahani FH, Asghari G, Mirmiran P, Azizi F. Reproducibility and relative validity of food group intake in a food frequency questionnaire developed for the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. J Epidemiol. 2010 Mar 5;20(2):150-8.
34. Çağlar E., Kuşcu Ö.Ö. (2016) The Role of Diet in Caries Prevention. In: Eden E. (eds) Evidence-Based Caries Prevention. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40034-1_6.
35. Fejerskov O, Kidd E: Dental Caries The Disease and its Clinical Management 2Oxford, Blackwell Munksgaard, 2008.
36. Hujoel PP, Lingström P. Nutrition, dental caries and periodontal disease: a narrative review. J Clin Periodontol. 2017 Mar;44:S79-84.
37. Kidd EA, Fejerskov O. Essentials of dental caries. Oxford University Press; 2016 .
38. Soliman RS, Rahman AA, Dowidar KL. Cariogenic Effect of Dietary Habits Among Caries Free and Early Childhood Caries Children. Alex Dent J. 2017 Apr 1;42(1):62-6.
39. World Health Organization. Oral health surveys: basic methods. World Health Organization; 2013.
40. Hofilena VO. A Comparison of Vitamin D Levels in Children with Early Childhood Caries;2015.
41. Ebrahimi M, Khashayar P, Keshtkar A, Etemad K, Dini M, Mohammadi Z, Ebrahimi H, Chaman R, Larijani B. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among Iranian adolescents. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2014 Jul 1;27(7-8):595-602.
42. J Almoudi MM, Hussein AS, Abu Hassan MI, Schroth RJ. Dental caries and vitamin D status in children in Asia. Pediatr Int. 2019 Apr;61(4):327-38.
43. Frencken JE, de Amorim RG, Faber J, Leal SC. The Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (CAST) index: rational and development. Int Dent J. 2011 Jun 1;61(3):117-23.
44. Monse B, Heinrich‐Weltzien R, Benzian H, Holmgren C, van Palenstein Helderman W. PUFA–an index of clinical consequences of untreated dental caries. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2010 Feb;38(1):77-82.
45. Amiresmaili M, Amini S, Shahravan A, Goudarzi R, Anari SH, Anbari Z, Ghanbarnejad M. Relation between socioeconomic indicators and children dental caries in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Prev Med. 2018;9:71-99.
46. Sroda R, Reinhard T. Nutrition for dental health, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer; 2018.
47. Hayes MJ, Cheng B, Musolino R, Rogers AA. Dietary analysis and nutritional counselling for caries prevention in dental practise: a pilot study. Aust Dent J. 2017 Dec;62(4):485-92.
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| Issue | Vol 11, No 1 (Winter 2024) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jcr.v11i1.16490 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Vitamin D Caries Female Teenagers Cariostatic | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Ahmadi E, Mirzaei K, Yekaninejad M, Fallahi S, Ranjbar Omrani L, Kermanshah H, Mahmood M, Nouri M. Serum Vitamin D Level and Female Teenage Caries Experience. J Craniomaxillofac Res. 2024;11(1):49-59.
