The Analysis of Anterior Facial Dimensions Among the Sample of Kurdish Population
-
Bayad Jaza Mahmood
,
Mohammed Abdalla Mahmood
,
Kardo Mustafa Abdalkarim
,
Kanar Abdaladhim Hamaamin
,
Omar Ali Hama Qadr
,
Zhyar Falah Sabr
Abstract
Introduction: Cephalometric analysis is essential for assessing facial proportions and planning treatments in orthodontics. Different populations, like the Kurdish group, have unique facial features, requiring specific norms for accurate clinical practice. This study establishes these norms for the Kurdish population. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 111 lateral cephalometric radiographs of Kurdish individuals aged 20-45 with balanced facial characteristics and class I occlusion. Radiographs were traced using digital tracing methods to measure total anterior facial height (TAFH), upper anterior facial height (UAFH), and lower anterior facial height (LAFH). The UAFH/TAFH and LAFH/TAFH ratios were also calculated. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 29. Results: The study establishes cephalometric norms for the Kurdish population, highlighting significant sex differences in facial height measurements. These findings contribute to a more nuanced understanding of facial morphology in the Kurdish population, with implications for improving orthodontic and orthognathic treatment outcomes. Conclusion: The study provides cephalometric norms for the Kurdish population, aiding in personalized orthodontic and orthognathic treatment planning. It also highlights significant sex differences, essential for achieving culturally appropriate aesthetic outcomes. Keywords: Anterior facial height; Cephalometric analysis; Facial morphology; Orthodontics; Orthognathic surgery.
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27. S E Bishara et al. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. Cephalometric comparisons of dentofacial parameters between Egyptian and North American adolescents. May 1990;97(5):413-21.
28. P Jain et al. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. Soft tissue cephalometric norms for a North Indian population group using Legan and Burstone analysis.2011 Mar;40(3):255-9.
29. Ahmed Omran, David Wertheim, Farhad B. Naini, Ching Yiu Jessica Liu. Mandibular shape prediction using cephalometric analysis: applications in craniofacial analysis, forensic anthropology, and archaeological reconstruction.31 October 2020.
30. Jacek Kotula, Anna Ewa Kuc, Joanna Lis, Beata Kawala and Michal Sarul. New Sagittal and Vertical Cephalometric Analysis Methods: A Systematic Review.15 July 2022;12(7).
31. Mohammad Moslem Imani, Sepideh Falah-Kooshki, Matin Sobhani, Masomeh Basamtabar, Fatemeh Azizi. Determination of Facial Height Dimensions in Kurdish Population;2018,6(2); page No, 2347-2545.
32. Priyanka Kapoor, Aman Chowdhry & Deepika Bablani Popli.Orthodontists in forensic facial approximation (FFA): current inter-disciplinary perspective.20 November 2021 ;38(2021).
33. Shtwani Allsubai. A Critical Review on the 3D Cephalometric Analysis Using Machine Learning.28 October 2022 ,11(11).
34. Proffit, W. R., White, R. P., & Sarver, D. M. (2003). Surgical-Orthodontic Treatment. St. Louis: Mosby.
2. Kari Panula, Correction of Dentofacial deformities with Orthognathic Surgery. University of Oulu, May, 2003.
3. Jeelani W, Fida M, Shaikh A. Facial soft tissue thickness among various vertical facial patterns in adult Pakistani subjects. Forensic Sci Int. 2015 Dec; 257:517. e1-517.e6.
4. Tancan Uysal,Asli Baysal Yagci, Lauren M. Sigler, James A. McNamara ,Jr .European Journal of Orthodontics , June 2012 ;34(3) ,296-301
5. Alcalde RE, Jinno T, Orsini MG, Sasaki A, Sugiyama RM, Matsumura T. Soft tissue cephalometric norms in Japanese adults. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop Off Publ Am Assoc Orthod Its Const Soc Am Board Orthod. 2000 Jul;118(1):84–9.
6. Vieira FP, Pinzan A, Janson G, Fernandes TMF, Sathler RC, Henriques RP. Facial height in Japanese-Brazilian descendants with normal occlusion. Dent Press J Orthod. 2014;19(5):54–66.
7. Williama Kneku Darkwah, Alhassan Kadri, Buanya Beryl Adormaa Gideon Aideon Aidoo. Cephalometric study of the relationship between facial morphology and ethnicity, Translation Research in anatomy 12, 2018;20-24.
8. Arshad F, Shivashankar PC, Chikkamuniswamy AB, Channaveerappa SKH. Analysis of the Parental Data to Predict Facial Soft Tissue Growth in Offsprings. World J Dent. 2023 Apr 17;14(2):136–44.
9. Arshad Hameed, Junaid Israr, Ahmed Khan, Abida Ljaz. Soft tissue facial profile analysis in patients with class I and class II skeletal pattern visiting children’s hospital. Lohore. Sep 2021; 28(2):15.
10. AlBarakati SF. Soft tissue facial profile of adult Saudis. Lateral cephalometric analysis. Saudi Med J. 2011 Aug;32(8):836-42.
11. Demetrios J. Halazonetis. Morphometric correlation between facial soft tissue profile shape and skeletal pattern in children and adolescents. 2007 Oct, 132(4):450–7.
12. Chalipa J, Akhoundi MSA, Shoshtarimoghaddam E, Nik TH, Imani M. Designing Orthodontic Craniofacial Templates for 8–14-year-old Iranian Girls Based on Cephalometric Norms. J Dent Tehran Iran. 2013 Jan;10(1):64–73.
13. Imani MM, Kooshki SF. Determination of facial height dimensions in Iranian Kurdish population. J Res Med Dent Sci, 2018, 6 (2):435-441.
14. Wisth PJ. Changes of the soft tissue profile during growth. Trans Eur Orthod Soc. 1972:123-31.
15. Halazonetis DJ. Morphometric evaluation of soft-tissue profile shape. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2007 Apr;131(4):481-9.
16. Nabila Anwer, Mubassar Fida. Compensation for vertical dysplasia and its clinical application. The European Journal of Orthodontics 31(5),516522,2009.
17. Lívia Maria Andrade de Freitas, Arnaldo Pinzan, Guilherme Janson, Karina Maria Salvatore Freitas, Marcos Roberto de Freitas, and Jose Fernando Castanha Henriques. Facial Height comparison in Young White and black Brazilian subjects with normal occlusion. June 2007, 131(6).
18. James L Vaden. World J Orthod. 2005 Summer.The vertical dimension: the ''low-angle'' patient. 2005,6(2):115-24.
19. S. Aksakallı, H. Yılancı, E. Görükmez, S.I. Ramoğlu.Reliability assessment of orthodontic apps for cephalometric. Turk J Orthod, 29 (4) (2016), pp. 98102.
20. E. Celik, O. Polat-Ozsoy, T.U. Toygar Memikoglu. Comparison of cephalometric measurements with digital versus conventional cephalometric analysis. Eur J Orthod, 31 (3) (2009), pp. 241-246.
21. Chia Abdul Abdulla, Trefa Mohammed Ali. A New template for the evaluation of soft tissue cephalometric finding for a Sample of Young Adults .63(5), May 2023.
22. Bishara, S. E., & Fernandez Garcia, A. (1985). Cephalometric comparisons of the dentofacial relationships of two adolescent populations from Iowa and northern Mexico. American Journal of Orthodontics, 88(4), 314-322.
23. Ricketts, R. M. (1982). The biological significance of the divine proportion and Fibonacci series. American Journal of Orthodontics, 81(5), 351-370.
24. Saeed Azarbayejani et al. Dent Res J (Isfahan). Cephalometric norms for 6-17-year-old Iranians with normal occlusion and well-balanced faces .2014 May.
25. Mohammad Moslem Imani, Mohadeseh Delavarian, Sepideh Arab. Characterization of Soft Tissue Cephalometric Norms of Kurdish Population of Iran.2018,16(1). page No 335-342.
26. Talat Al-Gunaid et al. Am J Orhod Dentofacial Orthop, Kazuhiro Yamada, Masaki Yamaki, Isao Saito. Soft-tissue cephalometric norms in Yemeni men. 2007 Nov ;132(5).
27. S E Bishara et al. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. Cephalometric comparisons of dentofacial parameters between Egyptian and North American adolescents. May 1990;97(5):413-21.
28. P Jain et al. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. Soft tissue cephalometric norms for a North Indian population group using Legan and Burstone analysis.2011 Mar;40(3):255-9.
29. Ahmed Omran, David Wertheim, Farhad B. Naini, Ching Yiu Jessica Liu. Mandibular shape prediction using cephalometric analysis: applications in craniofacial analysis, forensic anthropology, and archaeological reconstruction.31 October 2020.
30. Jacek Kotula, Anna Ewa Kuc, Joanna Lis, Beata Kawala and Michal Sarul. New Sagittal and Vertical Cephalometric Analysis Methods: A Systematic Review.15 July 2022;12(7).
31. Mohammad Moslem Imani, Sepideh Falah-Kooshki, Matin Sobhani, Masomeh Basamtabar, Fatemeh Azizi. Determination of Facial Height Dimensions in Kurdish Population;2018,6(2); page No, 2347-2545.
32. Priyanka Kapoor, Aman Chowdhry & Deepika Bablani Popli.Orthodontists in forensic facial approximation (FFA): current inter-disciplinary perspective.20 November 2021 ;38(2021).
33. Shtwani Allsubai. A Critical Review on the 3D Cephalometric Analysis Using Machine Learning.28 October 2022 ,11(11).
34. Proffit, W. R., White, R. P., & Sarver, D. M. (2003). Surgical-Orthodontic Treatment. St. Louis: Mosby.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 11, No 3 (Summer 2024) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| Keywords | ||
| Anterior facial height; Cephalometric analysis; Facial morphology; Orthodontics; Orthognathic surgery. | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Mahmood B, Mahmood M, Abdalkarim K, Hamaamin K, Hama Qadr O, Sabr Z. The Analysis of Anterior Facial Dimensions Among the Sample of Kurdish Population. J Craniomaxillofac Res. 2024;11(3):160-167.
