Synthetic Fillers in Facial Cosmetic Surgery-Different Categories Discussion of Rheologic Properties
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Abstract
Introduction: The pursuit of facial rejuvenation and aesthetic enhancement has evolved significantly over time. Early techniques, such as fat transplantation in the 1890s, paved the way for modern dermal fillers (DF), which have become a cornerstone of minimally invasive cosmetic procedures. Today, filler injections are among the most popular treatments for soft tissue augmentation, facial volumization, and body contouring. This review explores the development of dermal fillers, their current applications, and the key physical properties that differentiate them. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature review was performed using scientific databases (PubMed, Scopus) to identify peer-reviewed articles, clinical studies, and manufacturer data on dermal fillers. The analysis focused on: - Historical evolution of filler materials. - Chemical compositions and physical properties. - FDA-approved clinical applications. - Reported efficacy and safety profiles. Results: Dermal fillers have undergone significant advancements, offering improved safety, durability, and natural results. Their versatility allows for tailored treatments in facial rejuvenation and beyond, making them indispensable in aesthetic medicine. Conclusion: As DF technology continues to evolve, understanding their properties ensures optimal patient outcomes. Their integration into cosmetic practice underscores their importance in meeting the growing demand for non-surgical aesthetic solutions. Keywords: Dermal fillers; Synthetic fillers; Hyaluronic acid; Temporary dermal fillers.
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2. Lighthall JG. Rejuvenation of the upper face and brow: neuromodulators and fillers. Facial Plastic Surgery 2018;34:119-27.
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9. Funt D, Pavicic T. Dermal fillers in aesthetics: an overview of adverse events and treatment approaches. Plastic and Aesthetic Nursing 2015;35:13-32.
10. Fitzgerald R, Bass LM, Goldberg DJ, Graivier MH, Lorenc ZP. Physiochemical characteristics of poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA). Aesthetic surgery journal 2018;38:S13-S7.
11. Fagien S, Monheit G, Jones D, Bank D, Sadick N, Nogueira A, et al. Hyaluronic acid gel with (HARRL) and without lidocaine (HAJU) for the treatment of moderate-to-severe nasolabial folds: a randomized, evaluator-blinded, phase III study. Dermatologic Surgery 2018;44:549-56.
12. Hong G-W, Hu H, Chang K, Park Y, Lee KWA, Chan LKW, et al. Review of the adverse effects associated with dermal filler treatments: part I nodules, granuloma, and migration. Diagnostics 2024;14:1640.
13. Murray CA, Zloty D, Warshawski L. The evolution of soft tissue fillers in clinical practice. Dermatologic clinics 2005;23:343-63.
14. Niamtu J. New lip and wrinkle fillers. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics 2005;17:17-28.
15. Bauman L. CosmoDerm/CosmoPlast (human bioengineered collagen) for the aging face. Facial plastic surgery 2004;20:125-8.
16. Eppley BL, Dadvand B. Injectable soft-tissue fillers: clinical overview. Plastic and reconstructive surgery 2006;118:98e-106e.
17. Choi SY, Ko EJ, Yoo KH, Han HS, Kim BJ. Effects of hyaluronic acid injected using the mesogun injector with stamp‐type microneedle on skin hydration. Dermatologic Therapy 2020;33:e13963.
18. Athre RS. Facial filler agents. Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2007;18:243-7.
19. Rohrich RJ, Ghavami A, Crosby MA. The role of hyaluronic acid fillers (Restylane) in facial cosmetic surgery: review and technical considerations. Plastic and reconstructive surgery 2007;120:41S-54S.
20. Baumann L, editor Replacing dermal constituents lost through aging with dermal fillers. Seminars in cutaneous medicine and surgery; 2004: No longer published by Elsevier.
21. Owens JM. Soft tissue implants and fillers. Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America 2005;38:361-9.
22. Narins RS, Bowman PH. Injectable skin fillers. Clinics in plastic surgery 2005;32:151-62.
23. Sklar JA, White SM. Radiance FN: a new soft tissue filler. Dermatologic surgery 2004;30:764-8.
24. Thaler MP, Ubogy ZI. Artecoll: the Arizona experience and lessons learned. Dermatologic surgery 2005;31:1566-76.
25. Duffy DM. Liquid silicone for soft tissue augmentation. Dermatologic surgery 2005;31:1530-41.
26. Tammi MI, Day AJ, Turley EA. Hyaluronan and homeostasis: a balancing act. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2002;277:4581-4.
27. Gao F, Liu Y, He Y, Yang C, Wang Y, Shi X, et al. Hyaluronan oligosaccharides promote excisional wound healing through enhanced angiogenesis. Matrix biology 2010;29:107-16.
28. El‐Domyati M, El‐Ammawi TS, Moawad O, El‐Fakahany H, Medhat W, Mahoney MG, et al. Efficacy of mesotherapy in facial rejuvenation: a histological and immunohistochemical evaluation. International journal of dermatology 2012;51:913-9.
29. Ayatollahi A, Firooz A, Samadi A. Evaluation of safety and efficacy of booster injections of hyaluronic acid in improving the facial skin quality. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology 2020;19:2267-72.
30. Kerscher M, Bayrhammer J, Reuther T. Rejuvenating influence of a stabilized hyaluronic acid–based gel of nonanimal origin on facial skin aging. Dermatologic surgery 2008;34:720-6.
31. Delalleau A, Josse G, Lagarde JM, Zahouani H, Bergheau JM. A nonlinear elastic behavior to identify the mechanical parameters of human skin in vivo. Skin research and Technology 2008;14:152-64.
2. Lighthall JG. Rejuvenation of the upper face and brow: neuromodulators and fillers. Facial Plastic Surgery 2018;34:119-27.
3. Liu MH, Beynet DP, Gharavi NM. Overview of deep dermal fillers. Facial Plastic Surgery 2019;35:224-9.
4. Kulichova D, Borovaya A, Ruzicka T, Thomas P, Gauglitz GG. Understanding the safety and tolerability of facial filling therapeutics. Expert opinion on drug safety 2014;13:1215-26.
5. Friedmann DP, Kurian A, Fitzpatrick RE. Delayed granulomatous reactions to facial cosmetic injections of polymethylmethacrylate microspheres and liquid injectable silicone: a case series. Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy 2016;18:170-3.
6. Lemperle G, Knapp TR, Sadick NS, Lemperle SM. ArteFill® permanent injectable for soft tissue augmentation: I. Mechanism of action and injection techniques. Aesthetic plastic surgery 2010;34:264-72.
7. Lucey P, Goldberg DJ. Complications of collagen fillers. Facial Plastic Surgery 2014;30:615-22.
8. Fallacara A, Manfredini S, Durini E, Vertuani S. Hyaluronic acid fillers in soft tissue regeneration. Facial Plastic Surgery 2017;33:087-96.
9. Funt D, Pavicic T. Dermal fillers in aesthetics: an overview of adverse events and treatment approaches. Plastic and Aesthetic Nursing 2015;35:13-32.
10. Fitzgerald R, Bass LM, Goldberg DJ, Graivier MH, Lorenc ZP. Physiochemical characteristics of poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA). Aesthetic surgery journal 2018;38:S13-S7.
11. Fagien S, Monheit G, Jones D, Bank D, Sadick N, Nogueira A, et al. Hyaluronic acid gel with (HARRL) and without lidocaine (HAJU) for the treatment of moderate-to-severe nasolabial folds: a randomized, evaluator-blinded, phase III study. Dermatologic Surgery 2018;44:549-56.
12. Hong G-W, Hu H, Chang K, Park Y, Lee KWA, Chan LKW, et al. Review of the adverse effects associated with dermal filler treatments: part I nodules, granuloma, and migration. Diagnostics 2024;14:1640.
13. Murray CA, Zloty D, Warshawski L. The evolution of soft tissue fillers in clinical practice. Dermatologic clinics 2005;23:343-63.
14. Niamtu J. New lip and wrinkle fillers. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics 2005;17:17-28.
15. Bauman L. CosmoDerm/CosmoPlast (human bioengineered collagen) for the aging face. Facial plastic surgery 2004;20:125-8.
16. Eppley BL, Dadvand B. Injectable soft-tissue fillers: clinical overview. Plastic and reconstructive surgery 2006;118:98e-106e.
17. Choi SY, Ko EJ, Yoo KH, Han HS, Kim BJ. Effects of hyaluronic acid injected using the mesogun injector with stamp‐type microneedle on skin hydration. Dermatologic Therapy 2020;33:e13963.
18. Athre RS. Facial filler agents. Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2007;18:243-7.
19. Rohrich RJ, Ghavami A, Crosby MA. The role of hyaluronic acid fillers (Restylane) in facial cosmetic surgery: review and technical considerations. Plastic and reconstructive surgery 2007;120:41S-54S.
20. Baumann L, editor Replacing dermal constituents lost through aging with dermal fillers. Seminars in cutaneous medicine and surgery; 2004: No longer published by Elsevier.
21. Owens JM. Soft tissue implants and fillers. Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America 2005;38:361-9.
22. Narins RS, Bowman PH. Injectable skin fillers. Clinics in plastic surgery 2005;32:151-62.
23. Sklar JA, White SM. Radiance FN: a new soft tissue filler. Dermatologic surgery 2004;30:764-8.
24. Thaler MP, Ubogy ZI. Artecoll: the Arizona experience and lessons learned. Dermatologic surgery 2005;31:1566-76.
25. Duffy DM. Liquid silicone for soft tissue augmentation. Dermatologic surgery 2005;31:1530-41.
26. Tammi MI, Day AJ, Turley EA. Hyaluronan and homeostasis: a balancing act. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2002;277:4581-4.
27. Gao F, Liu Y, He Y, Yang C, Wang Y, Shi X, et al. Hyaluronan oligosaccharides promote excisional wound healing through enhanced angiogenesis. Matrix biology 2010;29:107-16.
28. El‐Domyati M, El‐Ammawi TS, Moawad O, El‐Fakahany H, Medhat W, Mahoney MG, et al. Efficacy of mesotherapy in facial rejuvenation: a histological and immunohistochemical evaluation. International journal of dermatology 2012;51:913-9.
29. Ayatollahi A, Firooz A, Samadi A. Evaluation of safety and efficacy of booster injections of hyaluronic acid in improving the facial skin quality. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology 2020;19:2267-72.
30. Kerscher M, Bayrhammer J, Reuther T. Rejuvenating influence of a stabilized hyaluronic acid–based gel of nonanimal origin on facial skin aging. Dermatologic surgery 2008;34:720-6.
31. Delalleau A, Josse G, Lagarde JM, Zahouani H, Bergheau JM. A nonlinear elastic behavior to identify the mechanical parameters of human skin in vivo. Skin research and Technology 2008;14:152-64.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 11, No 4 (Autumn 2024) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jcr.v11i4.18708 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Dermal fillers Synthetic fillers Hyaluronic acid Temporary dermal fillers | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Dehghani N, Azarsina M, Mahmoudi X. Synthetic Fillers in Facial Cosmetic Surgery-Different Categories Discussion of Rheologic Properties. J Craniomaxillofac Res. 2025;11(4):209-214.
