Effects of At-Home Bleaching Gel and Two Beverages on the Microhardness of an Aesthetic Composite Resin
Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 15% carbamide peroxide, orange juice, and Cola on the microhardness of composite resin restoration material. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, forty disk-shaped composite samples were prepared and randomly classified into four groups (n=10); the artificial saliva (control), bleaching agent (15% carbamide peroxide), orange juice, and Cola. Vickers microhardness was measured on the surface of the samples before and after immersion for 6 and 48 hours. Results: The microhardness values of the 15 % carbamide peroxide, Orange juice and Cola groups were significantly lower after 48 hours compared to the artificial saliva group (P=0.003, P=0.002, P=0.001, respectively). However, these differences were not statistically significant after 6 hours of immersion (P=0.068). When comparing the microhardness values of these groups over time, as expected, these measures significantly decreased, except for the 15 % carbamide peroxide group in which the mean microhardness value did not significantly decrease from baseline after 6 hours immersion (P=0.106). However, there was a significant difference after 48 hours compared to baseline and 6 hours immersion (P=0.001, P=0.004). Conclusion: This suggests that 15 % carbamide peroxide gel can be employed as a bleaching agent in cases with composite restorations for a limited amount of time without significant deterioration of the microhardness.
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2. Vejendla I, Hima Sandeep A, Pradeep S, Sahil Choudhari. In Vitro Evaluation of the Effects of Different Beverages on the Surface Microhardness of a Single-Shade Universal Composite. Cureus. 2023; 15(8): e43669.
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6. Ozkanoglu S, Akin E G G. Evaluation of the effect of various beverages on the color stability and microhardness of restorative materials. Niger J Clin Pract. 2020; 23(3): 322-328.
7. Wongkhantee S, Patanapiradej V, Maneenut C, Tantbiroin D. Effect of acidic food and drinks on surface hardness of enamel, dentine, and tooth-coloured filling materials. J Dent. 2006; 34(3): 214-20.
8. Redwan HS, Hussein MA, Abdul-Monem MM. Effect of Bleaching on Surface Roughness and Color Parameters of Coffee-Stained Nanohybrid Dental Composites with Different Viscosities. Eur J Gen Dent. 2024-05-13.
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10. Hosseini Tabatabaei S, Hosseini Tabatabaei MR, Naebi M, Sharafi M. The Effect of Bleaching Agents on Micro-Chemical Structure of Human Enamel by FTIR Spectroscopy Method (An in-vitro study). Sch. J. Dent. Sci (SJDS). 2015; 2(7): 416-421.
11. Aparecido Fernandes R, Badaoui Strazzi-Sahyon H, Umeda Suzuki TY, Fraga Briso AL, dos Santos PH. Effect of dental bleaching on the microhardness and surface roughness of sealed composite resins. Restor Dent Endod. 2020; 45(1): e12.
12. Nunes Gouveia TH, Juliana do Carmo Públio JD, Bovi Ambrosano GM, Luís Alexandre Maffei Sartini Paulillo LAM, Flávio Henrique Baggio Aguiar FH, Nunes Leite Lima DA. Effect of at‑home bleaching with different thickeners and aging on physical properties of a nanocomposite. European Journal of Dentistry. 2016; 10(1): 82-91.
13. Attia RM, Sobhy EM, El Said Abd El Hameed Essa M. Micro-Hardness and Surface Roughness of Bulk-Fill Composite Resin: Effect of Surface Sealant Application and Two Bleaching Regimens. Eur J Gen Dent. 2023; 12:169–176.
14. Taib F, Ghani Z, Mohamad D. Effect of home bleaching agents on the hardness and surface roughness of resin composites. Arch Orofac Sci. 2013; 8(1): 1-7.
15. Alaghehmand H, Esmaeili B, Sheibani SA. Effect of fluoride-free and fluoridated carbamide peroxide gels on the hardness and surface roughness of aesthetic restorative materials. Indian J Dent Res’ 2013; 24:478-83.
16. Salama F, Abdelmegid F, Alhomaidhi L, Alswayyed S, Alfarraj SH. Effect of Whitening Toothpastes and Brushing on Microhardness of Esthetic Restorative Materials. The Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry. 2020; 44(5): 296-301.
17. Nithya K, Sridevi K, Keerthi V, Ravishankar P. Evaluation of Surface Roughness, Hardness, and Gloss of Composites After Three Different Finishing and Polishing Techniques: An In Vitro Study. Cureus. 2020;12(2): e7037.
18. Suryakumari NB, Reddy PS, Surender L, Kiran R. In vitro evaluation of influence of salivary contamination on the dentin bond strength of one-bottle adhesive systems. Contemporary clinical dentistry. 2011; 2(3): 160.
19. Yap AUJ, Wattanapayungkul L. Effects of in-office tooth whiteners on hardness of tooth-colored restoratives. Oper Dent. 2002; 27: 137-41.
20. Ratto de Moraes R, Marimon JLM, Schneider LFJ. Effects of 6 mounths of aging in water on hardness and surface roughness of two microhybrid dental composites. J of Prosthet. 2008; 17:323- 326.
21. Yanikoglu N, Duymus ZY, Yilmaz B. Effect of different solution on the surface hardness of composite resin materials. Dental materials journal. 2009; 28(3): 344-351.
22. Bristo AL, Tuñas IT, de Almeida LC, Rahal V, Ambrosano GM. Effects of five carbamide peroxide bleaching gels on composite resin microhardness. Acta Odontol Latinoam. 2010; 23(1): 27-31.
23. Prabhakar AR, Sahana S, Mahantesh T. Effects of different concentrations of bleaching agent on the micro hardness and shear bond strength of restorative materials – An in vitro study. Journal of Dentistry and Oral Hygiene. 2010; 2(1): 7-14.
24. Hatanaka GR, Abi-Rached Fd O, Almeida-Junior AA, Cruz CA. Effect of carbamide peroxide bleaching gel on composite resin flexural strength and microhardness. Braz Dent J. 2013; 24(3): 263-6.
25. Malkondu O, Yurdaguven H, Say EC, Kazazoglu E, Soyman M. Effect of bleaching on microhardness of esthetic restorative materials. Oper Dent. 2011; 36:177-186.
26. Zuryati AG, Qian OQ, Dasmawati M. Effects of home bleaching on surface hardness and surface roughness of an experimental nanocomposite. J Conserv Dent. 2013; 16(4): 356-61.
27. Alqahatani MQ. The effect of a 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching agent on the microhardness of four types of direct resin-based restorative materials. Oper Dent. 2013; 38(3): 316-23.
28. Isabele Vieira, Laura Nobre Ferraz, Waldemir Francisco Vieira Junior, Carlos Tadeu Dos Santos Dias, Débora Alves Nunes Leite Lima. Effect of at-home bleaching gels with different thickeners on the physical properties of a composite resin without bisphenol A. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2022; 34(6): 969-977.
29. Ramírez-Vargas GG, Medina Y Mendoza JE, Aliaga-Mariñas AS, Ladera-Castañeda MI, Cervantes-Ganoza LA, Cayo-Rojas CF. Effect of Polishing on the Surface Microhardness of Nanohybrid Composite Resins Subjected to 35% Hydrogen Peroxide: An In vitro Study. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2021; 11(2): 216-221.
30. Narsimha, Vanga V. Effect of Cola on Surface Microhardness and Marginal Integrity of Resin Modified Glass Ionomer and Compomer Restoration -- An in vitro Study. People's Journal of Scientific Research. 2011; 4 (2): p34.
31. Hashemi Kamangar SS, Ghavam M, Mirkhezri Z, Karazifard MJ. Comparison of the Effects of Two Different Drinks on Microhardness of a Silorane-based Composite Resin. J Dent Shiraz, 2015; 16(3): 260-266.
32. Tanthanuch S, Kukiattrakoon B, Siriporananon C, Ornprasert N, Mettasitthikorn W, Likhitpreeda S, and Waewsanga S. The effect of different beverages on surface hardness of nanohybrid resin composite and giomer. J Conserv Dent. 2014; 17(3): 261–265.
2. Vejendla I, Hima Sandeep A, Pradeep S, Sahil Choudhari. In Vitro Evaluation of the Effects of Different Beverages on the Surface Microhardness of a Single-Shade Universal Composite. Cureus. 2023; 15(8): e43669.
3. Bandeira de Andrade IC, Tarkany Basting R, Rodrigues JA, Flávia Lucisano BA, Turssi CP, Gomes França FM. Microhardness and color monitoring of nanofilled resin composite after bleaching and staining. Eur J Dent. 2014; 8 (2): 160-165.
4. Hosseini Tabatabaei S, Sabaghi A. The Effect of Three Mouthwashes on Micro-Leakage of a Composite Resin-An in Vitro Study. Journal of American Science. 2013; 9(10s):13-19.
5. Abuljadayel R, Mushayt A, Al Mutairi T, Sajini SH. Evaluation of Bioactive Restorative Materials’ Color Stability: Effect of Immersion Media and Thermocycling. Cureus. 2023; 15(8): e43038.
6. Ozkanoglu S, Akin E G G. Evaluation of the effect of various beverages on the color stability and microhardness of restorative materials. Niger J Clin Pract. 2020; 23(3): 322-328.
7. Wongkhantee S, Patanapiradej V, Maneenut C, Tantbiroin D. Effect of acidic food and drinks on surface hardness of enamel, dentine, and tooth-coloured filling materials. J Dent. 2006; 34(3): 214-20.
8. Redwan HS, Hussein MA, Abdul-Monem MM. Effect of Bleaching on Surface Roughness and Color Parameters of Coffee-Stained Nanohybrid Dental Composites with Different Viscosities. Eur J Gen Dent. 2024-05-13.
9. Velasco Luque J, Zubizarreta-Macho A, Bartolomé JF, Kois JC, Revilla-LeónIntM. Effect of hydrogen peroxide-based bleaching agents on the color dimensions and surface roughness of different milled restorative dental materials. J Prosthodont. 2023; 5.
10. Hosseini Tabatabaei S, Hosseini Tabatabaei MR, Naebi M, Sharafi M. The Effect of Bleaching Agents on Micro-Chemical Structure of Human Enamel by FTIR Spectroscopy Method (An in-vitro study). Sch. J. Dent. Sci (SJDS). 2015; 2(7): 416-421.
11. Aparecido Fernandes R, Badaoui Strazzi-Sahyon H, Umeda Suzuki TY, Fraga Briso AL, dos Santos PH. Effect of dental bleaching on the microhardness and surface roughness of sealed composite resins. Restor Dent Endod. 2020; 45(1): e12.
12. Nunes Gouveia TH, Juliana do Carmo Públio JD, Bovi Ambrosano GM, Luís Alexandre Maffei Sartini Paulillo LAM, Flávio Henrique Baggio Aguiar FH, Nunes Leite Lima DA. Effect of at‑home bleaching with different thickeners and aging on physical properties of a nanocomposite. European Journal of Dentistry. 2016; 10(1): 82-91.
13. Attia RM, Sobhy EM, El Said Abd El Hameed Essa M. Micro-Hardness and Surface Roughness of Bulk-Fill Composite Resin: Effect of Surface Sealant Application and Two Bleaching Regimens. Eur J Gen Dent. 2023; 12:169–176.
14. Taib F, Ghani Z, Mohamad D. Effect of home bleaching agents on the hardness and surface roughness of resin composites. Arch Orofac Sci. 2013; 8(1): 1-7.
15. Alaghehmand H, Esmaeili B, Sheibani SA. Effect of fluoride-free and fluoridated carbamide peroxide gels on the hardness and surface roughness of aesthetic restorative materials. Indian J Dent Res’ 2013; 24:478-83.
16. Salama F, Abdelmegid F, Alhomaidhi L, Alswayyed S, Alfarraj SH. Effect of Whitening Toothpastes and Brushing on Microhardness of Esthetic Restorative Materials. The Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry. 2020; 44(5): 296-301.
17. Nithya K, Sridevi K, Keerthi V, Ravishankar P. Evaluation of Surface Roughness, Hardness, and Gloss of Composites After Three Different Finishing and Polishing Techniques: An In Vitro Study. Cureus. 2020;12(2): e7037.
18. Suryakumari NB, Reddy PS, Surender L, Kiran R. In vitro evaluation of influence of salivary contamination on the dentin bond strength of one-bottle adhesive systems. Contemporary clinical dentistry. 2011; 2(3): 160.
19. Yap AUJ, Wattanapayungkul L. Effects of in-office tooth whiteners on hardness of tooth-colored restoratives. Oper Dent. 2002; 27: 137-41.
20. Ratto de Moraes R, Marimon JLM, Schneider LFJ. Effects of 6 mounths of aging in water on hardness and surface roughness of two microhybrid dental composites. J of Prosthet. 2008; 17:323- 326.
21. Yanikoglu N, Duymus ZY, Yilmaz B. Effect of different solution on the surface hardness of composite resin materials. Dental materials journal. 2009; 28(3): 344-351.
22. Bristo AL, Tuñas IT, de Almeida LC, Rahal V, Ambrosano GM. Effects of five carbamide peroxide bleaching gels on composite resin microhardness. Acta Odontol Latinoam. 2010; 23(1): 27-31.
23. Prabhakar AR, Sahana S, Mahantesh T. Effects of different concentrations of bleaching agent on the micro hardness and shear bond strength of restorative materials – An in vitro study. Journal of Dentistry and Oral Hygiene. 2010; 2(1): 7-14.
24. Hatanaka GR, Abi-Rached Fd O, Almeida-Junior AA, Cruz CA. Effect of carbamide peroxide bleaching gel on composite resin flexural strength and microhardness. Braz Dent J. 2013; 24(3): 263-6.
25. Malkondu O, Yurdaguven H, Say EC, Kazazoglu E, Soyman M. Effect of bleaching on microhardness of esthetic restorative materials. Oper Dent. 2011; 36:177-186.
26. Zuryati AG, Qian OQ, Dasmawati M. Effects of home bleaching on surface hardness and surface roughness of an experimental nanocomposite. J Conserv Dent. 2013; 16(4): 356-61.
27. Alqahatani MQ. The effect of a 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching agent on the microhardness of four types of direct resin-based restorative materials. Oper Dent. 2013; 38(3): 316-23.
28. Isabele Vieira, Laura Nobre Ferraz, Waldemir Francisco Vieira Junior, Carlos Tadeu Dos Santos Dias, Débora Alves Nunes Leite Lima. Effect of at-home bleaching gels with different thickeners on the physical properties of a composite resin without bisphenol A. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2022; 34(6): 969-977.
29. Ramírez-Vargas GG, Medina Y Mendoza JE, Aliaga-Mariñas AS, Ladera-Castañeda MI, Cervantes-Ganoza LA, Cayo-Rojas CF. Effect of Polishing on the Surface Microhardness of Nanohybrid Composite Resins Subjected to 35% Hydrogen Peroxide: An In vitro Study. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2021; 11(2): 216-221.
30. Narsimha, Vanga V. Effect of Cola on Surface Microhardness and Marginal Integrity of Resin Modified Glass Ionomer and Compomer Restoration -- An in vitro Study. People's Journal of Scientific Research. 2011; 4 (2): p34.
31. Hashemi Kamangar SS, Ghavam M, Mirkhezri Z, Karazifard MJ. Comparison of the Effects of Two Different Drinks on Microhardness of a Silorane-based Composite Resin. J Dent Shiraz, 2015; 16(3): 260-266.
32. Tanthanuch S, Kukiattrakoon B, Siriporananon C, Ornprasert N, Mettasitthikorn W, Likhitpreeda S, and Waewsanga S. The effect of different beverages on surface hardness of nanohybrid resin composite and giomer. J Conserv Dent. 2014; 17(3): 261–265.
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| Issue | Vol 12, No 2 (Spring 2025) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| Keywords | ||
| Hardness Carbamide Peroxide Orange juice Cola | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Hosseini Tabatabaei S, Ghorbani A, Khazaei AH. Effects of At-Home Bleaching Gel and Two Beverages on the Microhardness of an Aesthetic Composite Resin. J Craniomaxillofac Res. 2025;12(2):79-85.
