Comparing the Expression Levels of GCG and FBN-1 in the Plasma of Patients with Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) and Healthy Individuals
-
Maryam Keyfari Alamdari
,
Abdolreza Mohamadnia
,
Mohammad Bayat
,
Masoume Farhangiyan
,
Naghmeh Bahrami
Abstract
Introduction: One of the most common types of skin cancer is basal cell carcinoma (BCC), which puts a big burden on the healthcare system. Direct and dermoscopic examinations are used to diagnose basal cell carcinoma. GCG is a protein-coding gene expressed in various cells throughout the body, including the small intestine, brain, and skin. Fibrillin-1 is an extracellular protein found in many body tissues. In this study, we compare the expression of GCG and FBN1 genes in the blood of patients with BCC and a healthy control group.Materials and Methods: 1. Selection of patients and sampling. 2. Blood sampling of BCC patients and the control group. 3. Isolation of RNA from blood using an extraction kit. 4. Measurement of RNA concentration and purity. 5. cDNA synthesis and real-time PCR using a specific miRNA cDNA synthesis kit. 6. Statistical analysis Results: The GCG biomarker was positive in 9 out of 15 patients in the group of patients with basal cell carcinoma (BCC). The rate of positivity for this biomarker in the group of healthy individuals was 4 out of 15, indicating a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P-value<0.001). The FBN1 biomarker was positive in 11 out of 15 patients with basal cell carcinoma (BCC). The rate of positivity for this biomarker in the group of healthy individuals was 5 out of 15 people, indicating a statistically significant difference between the two studied groups. (P-value<0.001). Conclusion: The expression of GCG and FBN1 is significantly higher in patients with BCC compared to healthy individuals. Further studies can be done to ensure the role of these genes in the diagnosis of skin cancers.
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15. Muthu ML, Tiedemann K, Fradette J, Komarova S, Reinhardt DP. Fibrillin-1 regulates white adipose tissue development, homeostasis, and function. Matrix Biol. Jun 2022;110:106-128.
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18. Tamas T, Baciut M, Nutu A, et al. Is miRNA Regulation the Key to Controlling Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Evolution? Genes (Basel). Nov 29 2021;12(12).
19. Tamas T, Raduly L, Berindan-Neagoe I, et al. The Role of miRNA-221 and miRNA-34a in Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer of the Head and Neck Region. Genes (Basel). Feb 16 2023;14(2).
20. Garofoli M, Volpicella M, Guida M, Porcelli L, Azzariti A. The Role of Non-Coding RNAs as Prognostic Factor, Predictor of Drug Response or Resistance and Pharmacological Targets, in the Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel). Sep 8 2020;12(9).
21. Al-Eryani L, Jenkins SF, States VA, et al. miRNA expression profiles of premalignant and malignant arsenic-induced skin lesions. PLoS One. 2018;13(8):e0202579.
22. Sand M, Skrygan M, Sand D, et al. Expression of microRNAs in basal cell carcinoma. Br J Dermatol. Oct 2012;167(4):847-855.
23. Sonkoly E, Lovén J, Xu N, et al. MicroRNA-203 functions as a tumor suppressor in basal cell carcinoma. Oncogenesis. Mar 12 2012;1(3):e3.
24. Vand-Rajabpour F, Sadeghipour N, Saee-Rad S, et al. Differential BMI1, TWIST1, SNAI2 mRNA expression pattern correlation with malignancy type in a spectrum of common cutaneous malignancies: basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma. Clin Transl Oncol. Apr 2017;19(4):489-497.
25. Sand M, Hessam S, Amur S, et al. Expression of oncogenic miR-17-92 and tumor suppressive miR-143-145 clusters in basal cell carcinoma and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. J Dermatol Sci. May 2017;86(2):142-148.
26. Sun H, Jiang P. MicroRNA-451a acts as tumor suppressor in cutaneous basal cell carcinoma. Mol Genet Genomic Med. Nov 2018;6(6):1001-1009.
27. Gürsel Ürün Y, Budak M, Usturalı Keskin E. Methylation status, mRNA and protein expression of the SMAD4 gene in patients with non-melanocytic skin cancers. Mol Biol Rep. Sep 2023;50(9):7295-7304.
28. Wang L, Wang Q, Li L, Kaelber DC, Xu R. GLP-1 receptor agonists and pancreatic cancer risk: target trial emulation using real-world data. J Natl Cancer Inst. Oct 17 2024.
29. Piccoli GF, Mesquita LA, Stein C, et al. Do GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Increase the Risk of Breast Cancer? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Mar 8 2021;106(3):912-921.
30. Sakai LY, Keene DR, Renard M, De Backer J. FBN1: The disease-causing gene for Marfan syndrome and other genetic disorders. Gene. Oct 10 2016;591(1):279-291.
31. Wang Z, Liu Y, Lu L, et al. Fibrillin-1, induced by Aurora-A but inhibited by BRCA2, promotes ovarian cancer metastasis. Oncotarget. Mar 30 2015;6(9):6670-6683.
32. Zhang Y, Zhao Q, Ren Y, Zhang P, Zheng Y. Clinicopathological Significance and Molecular Mechanism of AKT/GSK3β Pathway-based Fibrillin-1 Expression in Gastric Cancer Progression. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). Aug 31 2022;68(8):57-63.
2. Tanese K. Diagnosis and Management of Basal Cell Carcinoma. Curr Treat Options Oncol. Feb 11 2019;20(2):13.
3. Tanese K, Emoto K, Kubota N, Fukuma M, Sakamoto M. Immunohistochemical visualization of the signature of activated Hedgehog signaling pathway in cutaneous epithelial tumors. J Dermatol. Oct 2018;45(10):1181-1186.
4. Bakshi A, Chaudhary SC, Rana M, Elmets CA, Athar M. Basal cell carcinoma pathogenesis and therapy involving hedgehog signaling and beyond. Mol Carcinog. Dec 2017;56(12):2543-2557.
5. Epstein EH. Basal cell carcinomas: attack of the hedgehog. Nat Rev Cancer. Oct 2008;8(10):743-754.
6. Le H, Kleinerman R, Lerman OZ, et al. Hedgehog signaling is essential for normal wound healing. Wound Repair Regen. Nov-Dec 2008;16(6):768-773.
7. Zhou JX, Jia LW, Liu WM, et al. Role of sonic hedgehog in maintaining a pool of proliferating stem cells in the human fetal epidermis. Hum Reprod. Jul 2006;21(7):1698-1704.
8. Skoda AM, Simovic D, Karin V, Kardum V, Vranic S, Serman L. The role of the Hedgehog signaling pathway in cancer: A comprehensive review. Bosn J Basic Med Sci. Feb 20 2018;18(1):8-20.
9. Peng Y, Croce CM. The role of MicroRNAs in human cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2016;1:15004.
10. Lee RC, Feinbaum RL, Ambros V. The C. elegans heterochronic gene lin-4 encodes small RNAs with antisense complementarity to lin-14. Cell. Dec 3 1993;75(5):843-854.
11. Calin GA, Dumitru CD, Shimizu M, et al. Frequent deletions and down-regulation of micro- RNA genes miR15 and miR16 at 13q14 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. Nov 26 2002;99(24):15524-15529.
12. Ohneda A, Kobayashi T, Nihei J, Sakai T. Secretion of glucagon in liver cell carcinoma. Tohoku J Exp Med. May 1985;146(1):47-57.
13. Zhang Y, Wu W, Qu H. Integrated Analysis of the Gene Expression Changes During Colorectal Cancer Progression by Bioinformatic Methods. J Comput Biol. Oct 2019;26(10):1168-1176.
14. Alonso F, Li L, Fremaux I, Reinhardt DP, Génot E. Fibrillin-1 Regulates Arteriole Integrity in the Retina. Biomolecules. Sep 20 2022;12(10).
15. Muthu ML, Tiedemann K, Fradette J, Komarova S, Reinhardt DP. Fibrillin-1 regulates white adipose tissue development, homeostasis, and function. Matrix Biol. Jun 2022;110:106-128.
16. Ma X, Wei J, Zhang L, et al. miR-486-5p inhibits cell growth of papillary thyroid carcinoma by targeting fibrillin-1. Biomed Pharmacother. May 2016;80:220-226.
17. Takagi H, Manabe H, Sekino S, Kato T, Matsuno Y, Umemoto T. Coexistent aortic dissection and hepatocellular carcinoma with elevated plasma transforming growth factor beta level: possible roles of fibrillin 1 and transforming growth factor beta. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. Feb 2005;129(2):462-463.
18. Tamas T, Baciut M, Nutu A, et al. Is miRNA Regulation the Key to Controlling Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Evolution? Genes (Basel). Nov 29 2021;12(12).
19. Tamas T, Raduly L, Berindan-Neagoe I, et al. The Role of miRNA-221 and miRNA-34a in Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer of the Head and Neck Region. Genes (Basel). Feb 16 2023;14(2).
20. Garofoli M, Volpicella M, Guida M, Porcelli L, Azzariti A. The Role of Non-Coding RNAs as Prognostic Factor, Predictor of Drug Response or Resistance and Pharmacological Targets, in the Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel). Sep 8 2020;12(9).
21. Al-Eryani L, Jenkins SF, States VA, et al. miRNA expression profiles of premalignant and malignant arsenic-induced skin lesions. PLoS One. 2018;13(8):e0202579.
22. Sand M, Skrygan M, Sand D, et al. Expression of microRNAs in basal cell carcinoma. Br J Dermatol. Oct 2012;167(4):847-855.
23. Sonkoly E, Lovén J, Xu N, et al. MicroRNA-203 functions as a tumor suppressor in basal cell carcinoma. Oncogenesis. Mar 12 2012;1(3):e3.
24. Vand-Rajabpour F, Sadeghipour N, Saee-Rad S, et al. Differential BMI1, TWIST1, SNAI2 mRNA expression pattern correlation with malignancy type in a spectrum of common cutaneous malignancies: basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma. Clin Transl Oncol. Apr 2017;19(4):489-497.
25. Sand M, Hessam S, Amur S, et al. Expression of oncogenic miR-17-92 and tumor suppressive miR-143-145 clusters in basal cell carcinoma and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. J Dermatol Sci. May 2017;86(2):142-148.
26. Sun H, Jiang P. MicroRNA-451a acts as tumor suppressor in cutaneous basal cell carcinoma. Mol Genet Genomic Med. Nov 2018;6(6):1001-1009.
27. Gürsel Ürün Y, Budak M, Usturalı Keskin E. Methylation status, mRNA and protein expression of the SMAD4 gene in patients with non-melanocytic skin cancers. Mol Biol Rep. Sep 2023;50(9):7295-7304.
28. Wang L, Wang Q, Li L, Kaelber DC, Xu R. GLP-1 receptor agonists and pancreatic cancer risk: target trial emulation using real-world data. J Natl Cancer Inst. Oct 17 2024.
29. Piccoli GF, Mesquita LA, Stein C, et al. Do GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Increase the Risk of Breast Cancer? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Mar 8 2021;106(3):912-921.
30. Sakai LY, Keene DR, Renard M, De Backer J. FBN1: The disease-causing gene for Marfan syndrome and other genetic disorders. Gene. Oct 10 2016;591(1):279-291.
31. Wang Z, Liu Y, Lu L, et al. Fibrillin-1, induced by Aurora-A but inhibited by BRCA2, promotes ovarian cancer metastasis. Oncotarget. Mar 30 2015;6(9):6670-6683.
32. Zhang Y, Zhao Q, Ren Y, Zhang P, Zheng Y. Clinicopathological Significance and Molecular Mechanism of AKT/GSK3β Pathway-based Fibrillin-1 Expression in Gastric Cancer Progression. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). Aug 31 2022;68(8):57-63.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 12, No 2 (Spring 2025) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| Keywords | ||
| Basal cell carcinoma Glucagon gene (GCC) Fibrillin-1 (FBN-1) | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Keyfari Alamdari M, Mohamadnia A, Bayat M, Farhangiyan M, Bahrami N. Comparing the Expression Levels of GCG and FBN-1 in the Plasma of Patients with Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) and Healthy Individuals. J Craniomaxillofac Res. 2025;12(2):86-92.
