Does Low-Level Laser Therapy Affect Bcl-2 Gene Expression In Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
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Abstract
Introduction: Oral squamous cell carcinoma, which is known as the most common cancer of the oral cavity, is associated with high morbidity and mortality rate. To date, many efforts have been made to find effective methods to stop the growth of cancer cells. One of the emerging methods in this field is the application of low-level lasers. Materials and Methods: Human head and neck carcinoma cell lines were prepared and irradiated with four different wavelengths of low-level laser with a density of 1 j/cm2 and a power of 100 mW. The expression of the Bcl-2 and Bax genes and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio were investigated by real-time PCR.Results: The highest percentage of Bcl-2 gene expression was related to 660nm wavelength and the highest percentage of Bax gene expression was related to 810 nm infrared wavelength. The lowest level of expression of the Bcl-2 gene related to the 810nm infrared wavelength and the Bax gene related to the 532nm wavelength was obtained. The lowest Bax/Bcl-2 ratio was obtained at the wavelength of 660nm and the highest ratio was obtained at the wavelength of 810nm.Conclusion: Despite the extensive studies conducted in the field of low-level laser application in oncology, more studies are needed to investigate the effect of this technology on cancer cells.Keywords: Low-level laser therapy; Low-level light therapy; Squamous cell carcinoma; Squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck.
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8. Kalyanaraman B. Teaching the basics of cancer metabolism: Developing antitumor strategies by exploiting the differences between normal and cancer cell metabolism. Redox biology. 2017;12:833-42.
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10. Sroka R, Schaffer M, Fuchs C, Pongratz T, Schrader‐Reichard U, Busch M, et al. Effects on the mitosis of normal and tumor cells induced by light treatment of different wavelengths. Lasers in surgery and medicine. 1999;25(3):263-71.
11. Schartinger VH, Galvan O, Riechelmann H, Dudás J. Differential responses of fibroblasts, non-neoplastic epithelial cells, and oral carcinoma cells to low-level laser therapy. Supportive care in cancer. 2012;20(3):523-9.
12. Huang L, Wu S, Xing D. High fluence low‐power laser irradiation induces apoptosis via inactivation of Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway. Journal of cellular physiology. 2011;226(3):588-601.
13. Camisasca DR, Honorato J, Bernardo V, da Silva LE, da Fonseca EC, de Faria PAS, et al. Expression of Bcl-2 family proteins and associated clinicopathologic factors predict survival outcome in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral oncology. 2009;45(3):225-33.
14. Alam M, Kashyap T, Mishra P, Panda AK, Nagini S, Mishra R. Role and regulation of proapoptotic Bax in oral squamous cell carcinoma and drug resistance. Head Neck. 2019;41(1):185-97.
15. Alam M, Kashyap T, Pramanik KK, Singh AK, Nagini S, Mishra R. The elevated activation of NFκB and AP-1 is correlated with differential regulation of Bcl-2 and associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma progression and resistance. Clinical Oral Investigations. 2017;21:2721-31.
16. Zhang M, Zhang P, Zhang C, Sun J, Wang L, Li J, et al. Prognostic significance of Bcl‐2 and Bax protein expression in the patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Journal of oral pathology & medicine. 2009;38(3):307-13.
17. Campbell KJ, Tait SW. Targeting BCL-2 regulated apoptosis in cancer. Open biology. 2018;8(5):180002.
18. Martinou J-C, Youle RJ. Mitochondria in apoptosis: Bcl-2 family members and mitochondrial dynamics. Developmental cell. 2011;21(1):92-101.
19. Kumar A, Abbas AK, Jon C. Aster: Robbins and Cotran pathologic basis of disease. Professional Edition. 2015.
20. Sonis ST. The pathobiology of mucositis. Nature Reviews Cancer. 2004;4(4):277-84.
21. Karu TI. Mitochondrial signaling in mammalian cells activated by red and near‐IR radiation. Photochemistry and photobiology. 2008;84(5):1091-9.
22. Karu TI. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of photobiomodulation (low-power laser therapy). IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. 2013;20(2):143-8.
23. Czabotar PE, Lessene G, Strasser A, Adams JM. Control of apoptosis by the BCL-2 protein family: implications for physiology and therapy. Nature reviews Molecular cell biology. 2014;15(1):49-63.
24. Bialik S, Zalckvar E, Ber Y, Rubinstein AD, Kimchi A. Systems biology analysis of programmed cell death. Trends in biochemical sciences. 2010;35(10):556-64.
2. Russo D, Mariani P, Caponio VCA, Lo Russo L, Fiorillo L, Zhurakivska K, et al. Development and validation of prognostic models for oral squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review and appraisal of the literature. Cancers. 2021;13(22):5755.
3. Kamesaki S, Kamesaki H, Jorgensen TJ, Tanizawa A, Pommier Y, Cossman J. bcl-2 protein inhibits etoposide-induced apoptosis through its effects on events subsequent to topoisomerase II-induced DNA strand breaks and their repair. Cancer research. 1993;53(18):4251-6.
4. Zamani ARN, Saberianpour S, Geranmayeh MH, Bani F, Haghighi L, Rahbarghazi R. Modulatory effect of photobiomodulation on stem cell epigenetic memory: a highlight on differentiation capacity. Lasers in Medical Science. 2020;35(2):299-306.
5. Mansourian A, Pourshahidi S, Vafi Manshadi Y, Amini Shakib P, Ebrahimi H. The Effect of Low‐level Laser Therapy on VEGF, IL‐6 Expression and Viability of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells. Photochemistry and Photobiology. 2022.
6. Huang Y-Y, Chen AC-H, Carroll JD, Hamblin MR. Biphasic dose response in low level light therapy. Dose-response. 2009;7(4):dose-response. 09-027. Hamblin.
7. Myakishev-Rempel M, Stadler I, Brondon P, Axe DR, Friedman M, Nardia FB, et al. A preliminary study of the safety of red light phototherapy of tissues harboring cancer. Photomed Laser Surg. 2012;30(9):551-8.
8. Kalyanaraman B. Teaching the basics of cancer metabolism: Developing antitumor strategies by exploiting the differences between normal and cancer cell metabolism. Redox biology. 2017;12:833-42.
9. Ottaviani G, Martinelli V, Rupel K, Caronni N, Naseem A, Zandonà L, et al. Laser therapy inhibits tumor growth in mice by promoting immune surveillance and vessel normalization. EBioMedicine. 2016;11:165-72.
10. Sroka R, Schaffer M, Fuchs C, Pongratz T, Schrader‐Reichard U, Busch M, et al. Effects on the mitosis of normal and tumor cells induced by light treatment of different wavelengths. Lasers in surgery and medicine. 1999;25(3):263-71.
11. Schartinger VH, Galvan O, Riechelmann H, Dudás J. Differential responses of fibroblasts, non-neoplastic epithelial cells, and oral carcinoma cells to low-level laser therapy. Supportive care in cancer. 2012;20(3):523-9.
12. Huang L, Wu S, Xing D. High fluence low‐power laser irradiation induces apoptosis via inactivation of Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway. Journal of cellular physiology. 2011;226(3):588-601.
13. Camisasca DR, Honorato J, Bernardo V, da Silva LE, da Fonseca EC, de Faria PAS, et al. Expression of Bcl-2 family proteins and associated clinicopathologic factors predict survival outcome in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral oncology. 2009;45(3):225-33.
14. Alam M, Kashyap T, Mishra P, Panda AK, Nagini S, Mishra R. Role and regulation of proapoptotic Bax in oral squamous cell carcinoma and drug resistance. Head Neck. 2019;41(1):185-97.
15. Alam M, Kashyap T, Pramanik KK, Singh AK, Nagini S, Mishra R. The elevated activation of NFκB and AP-1 is correlated with differential regulation of Bcl-2 and associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma progression and resistance. Clinical Oral Investigations. 2017;21:2721-31.
16. Zhang M, Zhang P, Zhang C, Sun J, Wang L, Li J, et al. Prognostic significance of Bcl‐2 and Bax protein expression in the patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Journal of oral pathology & medicine. 2009;38(3):307-13.
17. Campbell KJ, Tait SW. Targeting BCL-2 regulated apoptosis in cancer. Open biology. 2018;8(5):180002.
18. Martinou J-C, Youle RJ. Mitochondria in apoptosis: Bcl-2 family members and mitochondrial dynamics. Developmental cell. 2011;21(1):92-101.
19. Kumar A, Abbas AK, Jon C. Aster: Robbins and Cotran pathologic basis of disease. Professional Edition. 2015.
20. Sonis ST. The pathobiology of mucositis. Nature Reviews Cancer. 2004;4(4):277-84.
21. Karu TI. Mitochondrial signaling in mammalian cells activated by red and near‐IR radiation. Photochemistry and photobiology. 2008;84(5):1091-9.
22. Karu TI. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of photobiomodulation (low-power laser therapy). IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. 2013;20(2):143-8.
23. Czabotar PE, Lessene G, Strasser A, Adams JM. Control of apoptosis by the BCL-2 protein family: implications for physiology and therapy. Nature reviews Molecular cell biology. 2014;15(1):49-63.
24. Bialik S, Zalckvar E, Ber Y, Rubinstein AD, Kimchi A. Systems biology analysis of programmed cell death. Trends in biochemical sciences. 2010;35(10):556-64.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 10, No 4 (Autumn 2023) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jcr.v10i4.15306 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Low-level laser therapy Low-level light therap Squamous cell carcinoma Squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck | ||
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Tonkaboni A, Tatar A, Hafezi Motlagh K, Fekrazad R. Does Low-Level Laser Therapy Affect Bcl-2 Gene Expression In Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Craniomaxillofac Res. 2024;10(4):153-161.
