Introduction: To date, no consensus has been reached on one single efficient treatment for temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). Considering the existing controversy regarding the efficacy of blood factors for the treatment of TMDs, this study aimed to do a comprehensive review of the efficacy of blood factors for the treatment of TMDs. Materials and Methods: In this review study PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched for articles published from 2012 to 2023 using platelet-rich plasma (PRP), platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), injection, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, blood supply, and blood as keywords. Eligible articles were included and reviewed. Results: Nineteen eligible articles were reviewed, of which, TMJ pain had been evaluated in 10, ankylosis in 9, disc displacement in 5, and disc dislocation in 3 studies. The remaining studies evaluated other TMJ problems such as clicking, dull maxillofacial pains, ear pain, referred pain in teeth, and lockjaw. TMJ pain and ankylosis had the highest frequency among different TMJ problems. The most commonly adopted frequency of injections was 5 times as reported in 8 studies. Conclusion: PRP and PRF had optimal efficacy for the reduction and resolution of TMD symptoms especially severe TMJ pain, ankylosis, disc displacement, and disc dislocation. PRP and PRF showed comparable efficacy for this purpose, and the efficacy of PRP and PRF injections for treatment of TMDs was considerably higher than other materials/methods such as chitosan, arthrocentesis, hyaluronic acid, isotonic saline, and hydrocortisone.  Five injections appear to be efficient in achieving optimal therapeutic results. Keywords: Blood factors; Temporomandibular disorders; Platelet-rich plasma; Platelet-rich fibrin.

Introduction: The pursuit of facial rejuvenation and aesthetic enhancement has evolved significantly over time. Early techniques, such as fat transplantation in the 1890s, paved the way for modern dermal fillers (DF), which have become a cornerstone of minimally invasive cosmetic procedures. Today, filler injections are among the most popular treatments for soft tissue augmentation, facial volumization, and body contouring. This review explores the development of dermal fillers, their current applications, and the key physical properties that differentiate them. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature review was performed using scientific databases (PubMed, Scopus) to identify peer-reviewed articles, clinical studies, and manufacturer data on dermal fillers. The analysis focused on: - Historical evolution of filler materials. - Chemical compositions and physical properties. - FDA-approved clinical applications. - Reported efficacy and safety profiles. Results: Dermal fillers have undergone significant advancements, offering improved safety, durability, and natural results. Their versatility allows for tailored treatments in facial rejuvenation and beyond, making them indispensable in aesthetic medicine. Conclusion: As DF technology continues to evolve, understanding their properties ensures optimal patient outcomes. Their integration into cosmetic practice underscores their importance in meeting the growing demand for non-surgical aesthetic solutions. Keywords: Dermal fillers; Synthetic fillers; Hyaluronic acid; Temporary dermal fillers.  

Introduction: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming dental practice through its ability to analyze, learn, and support clinical decisions. By enhancing diagnostic precision and treatment planning, AI tools are revolutionizing patient care. Despite its potential, implementation faces obstacles including ethical considerations and algorithmic limitations. This review examines AI applications across dental specialties.Materials and Methods: This narrative review was conducted by analyzing recent studies on AI applications in dentistry. The literature was sourced from reputable databases, including PubMed and Scopus, focusing on AI-driven diagnostic and therapeutic advancements in oral and maxillofacial surgery, radiology, restorative dentistry, orthodontics, periodontics, endodontics, prosthodontics, and forensic dentistry. Results: AI demonstrates remarkable capabilities across dental fields. Deep learning systems excel in detecting caries, periapical lesions, and fractures through radiological analysis. Orthodontic applications include automated cephalometric analysis and treatment simulation. In restorative dentistry, AI enhances cavity detection and restoration assessment. Maxillofacial applications include surgical outcome prediction and pathology identification. Forensic applications facilitate age and gender determination through radiographic analysis. Current challenges include data security, algorithmic bias, and ethical compliance.Conclusion: While AI shows promise in advancing dental diagnostics and treatment accuracy, successful clinical integration requires addressing privacy concerns, establishing regulatory standards, and developing comprehensive professional training programs. Keywords: Artificial intelligence; Dentistry; Diagnostic imaging; Machine learning; Digital dentistry.

Introduction: Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) is increasingly used in pediatric dentistry for better diagnostics and treatment, but concerns about its potential harm to children remain. This study evaluates CBCT indications and the appropriateness of the Field of View (FOV) in pediatric patients at Mashhad Dental School.Materials and Methods: This retrospective study analyzed CBCT radiographs and patient records of individuals aged 18 years or younger who visited the Radiology Department of Mashhad Dental School from April 2018 to the end of 2022. Patients were categorized into three age groups: under 6 years, 7-12 years, and 13-18 years. The study recorded patient age, gender, CBCT indication, anatomical region examined, and FOV used. The appropriateness of the FOV was assessed based on SEDENTEX-CT guidelines. Results: Out of 4285 patient records, 199 pediatric patients (102 girls and 97 boys) with a mean age of 13.42±3.59 years were included. The most common indication for CBCT was dental impaction (48.2%), particularly of the canine teeth, followed by pathological lesions (19.6%). The majority of CBCT scans used a medium-sized FOV (8x5 cm), which was appropriate in 67.8% of cases. There was a significant relationship between the indication for CBCT and the appropriateness of the FOV (p<0.001). Conclusion: CBCT is a valuable diagnostic tool in pediatric dentistry, particularly for evaluating dental impactions and pathological lesions. However, careful consideration of the FOV is crucial to minimize radiation exposure. Adherence to guidelines can enhance the safe and effective use of CBCT in pediatric patients. Keywords: Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT); Pediatric dentistry; Field of view (FOV); Dental impaction; Pathological lesions.

Introduction: The nose, centrally positioned and a prominent facial feature, plays a critical role in facial aesthetics. Clinicians must understand its morphology and relationship with adjacent structures for optimal aesthetic outcomes. This study aims to investigate nasal morphology in Iranian adults and its correlation with sagittal dentoskeletal patterns and age. Materials and Methods: Five linear and six angular parameters were measured on the lateral cephalograms of 300 Iranian adults, acquired in 2022 from the records of a private radiology center in Zanjan city. One-way ANOVA and Spearman`s correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data. Results: The mean values of nasal depth, Holdaway`s nose prominence, nasofacial angle, nasomental angle, nasolabial angle and LNLA were not equal in different sagittal dentoskeletal patterns. The mean nasal depth in Class III individuals was significantly higher than in Class II div. 1 individuals. The mean of Holdaway’s nose prominence in Class II div. 2 subjects was significantly higher than in Class II div. 1 subjects. The mean nasofacial angle in Class II subjects was significantly higher than in Class I subjects and in Class I subjects was significantly higher than in Class III subjects. The mean nasomental angle in Class III subjects was significantly higher than in Class I subjects and in Class I subjects it was significantly higher than in Class II subjects. Furthermore, the mean nasolabial angle and LNLA were significantly higher in Class II Div. 2 subjects than in Class III subjects. Among measured parameters, only Nasal depth showed a weak positive correlation with age with a correlation coefficient of 0.145. Conclusion: Nose morphology in the Iranian population has a significant relationship with the sagittal dentoskeletal pattern. The measured parameters, except for nasal depth, were not correlated with the age of the subjects.

Introduction: The management and approach of dealing with pain after endodontic treatment is one of the most important fields of endodontics, which has received special attention in recent years. The effect of cryotherapy can be achieved by reducing blood flow and metabolic activity by suppressing neurotransmitters and increasing oxygenation in the damaged tissue. We aimed to conduct a systematic review of randomized clinical trials between 2023 and 2024 regarding the effect of cryotherapy in reducing pain after endodontic treatment.Materials and Methods: This research is prepared and presented based on PRISMA reporting items. The databases used for this research are PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar. Gray texts were also done by searching the sources of found articles. The time limitation for the search strategy was set for 2023 and 2024. Inclusion criteria were based on the PICOTS definition. To assess the risk of bias, the ROB2 tool was used.Results: Based on the search results in databases, 138 articles were found in 2023 and 2024. Finally, 19 studies were included in this review. Finally, five articles had a mild risk of bias, and six studies had a moderate risk of bias. Other studies were also unbiased based on the evaluation. Finally, we included them all in the review study. For each of the studies included in this review, the name of the first author, age of the participants, sample size, population under study, groups under study, outcome, findings and final interpretation were extracted. The tool used to measure pain in 3 articles was the NRS scale; one used VRS, and other studies used VAS. The range of age groups used in all studies was from a minimum 4 of four to a maximum of 60 years. The sample size was in the range of 20 to 152. Conclusion: It was concluded that cryotherapy can be used as a pain relief method after dental surgery. However, this evidence was accompanied by limitations for the included studies. Keywords: Cryotherapy; Post treatment; Endodontic; Pain; Systematic review.

Temporomandibular Joints (TMJ) is a bilateral fibrocartilage joint. This joint is unique in that it is a bilateral joint that functions as one unit. As with the other joints, many conditions affect TMJ causing It not to do its tasks. These conditions are ankylosis, arthritis, trauma, congenital abnormalities, pathologic diseases, and chronic dislocation. Although as a rule less is often best in treating Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) sometimes it is necessary to use invasive modalities. Total mandibular joint replacement (TMJR) is one of them that has been in use since 1963 and has been developed since. It is used in End-stage TMJ diseases resulting in anatomical architectural form distortion and physiological dysfunction dictates the need for reconstruction. Although nowadays the use of TMJ prosthesis is popular, sometimes it has catastrophic results due to its complications. If there is no indication, this method may cause legal issues. This article provides an overview of the clinical indications and contraindications associated with the TMJR and outcomes for our custom TMJ prosthesis cases are presented. Keywords: Temporomandibular joint replacement; Indication; Contraindication; Total joint, ankylosis; Degenerative joint disease.

Odontogenic cysts are subclassified as developmental or inflammatory in origin. The dentigerous cyst is the most common type of developmental odontogenic cyst, making up about 20% of all epithelium-lined cysts of the jaws. The pathogenesis of this cyst is uncertain, but apparently, it develops by fluid accumulation between the reduced enamel epithelium and the tooth crown. Although dentigerous cysts may be encountered in patients across a wide age range, they are discovered most frequently in patients between 10 and 30 years of age. Dentigerous cysts can grow considerably, and large cysts may be associated with a painless expansion of the bone in the involved area. We present a challenging case of dentigerous cyst in a 21-year-old female involving the anterior of the mandible, which was successfully treated surgically by enucleation of total cyst and surgical extraction of unerupted tooth under general anesthesia. Keywords: Dentigerous cyst; Impacted teeth; Odontogenic cysts; Supernumerary tooth.